The addition of S. boulardii to the standard eradication treatment confers a 12% nonsignificant enhanced therapeutic benefit on H. pylori eradication and reduces significantly the incidence of side effects.
The concept of lactose intolerance is based on evidence that intestinal lactase activity persist into later childhood and throughout life in only a minority of the world’s population. Lactose is the major carbohydrate found in mammalian milk, and lactose powder is widely used as an ingredient by the food industry. Lactose is hydrolyzed by lactase, an endo-enzyme present in the brush border membrane of the small intestine, which is encoded by LCT gene that maps on chromosome 2 (2q21). In most humans, lactase activity reaches a maximum in late pregnancy but declines after 2–3 years of age and reaches a stable low level at age 5–10 years (lactase non-persistence). Only about 35% of the human population can digest lactose beyond the age of about seven or eight, notably northern European-derived populations (lactase persistence). About two thirds of the world’s population undergoes a genetically programmed decrease in lactase synthesis after weaning. In Europe, the persistence or not persistence of the expression of lactase is predominantly associated with so-called point polymorphism C/T 13910. For many years, it was thought that lactase persistence (LP) in humans was the “wild-type” pattern but is now considered to be rather novel for humans and probably adaptative for particular circumstances, whereas the lactase non-persistence ((LNP) is the ancestral type. Lactase persistence is a recent human adaptation and its geographic distribution correlates with the importance of dairying in different human populations. The kinetics of the reduction and the amount of residual lactase has considerable variability between different ethnic groups and even between individuals.Both, lactase persistence and non-persistence (leading to lactose malabsorbtion) are thus normal phenotypes. However, the reduction up to 50% of lactose is sufficient to ensure effective digestion of lactose. When the low lactase activity does not cause symptoms, it is called “lactose malabsorbtion”. Lactose intolerance occurs when the malabsorption causes symptoms.Lactose is a key nutrient which provides about half of an infant’s energy needs, but is also a bifidogenic factor and may be involved in promoting innate immunity. The role of lactose in life-long human health may change with age, with key periods being infancy, growth and development, the reproductive years and later life. Nowadays milk and dairy products are often assumed to be the cause of gastrointestinal symptoms and inappropriate avoidance can lead to nutritional inadequacy, particularly for calcium intake and vitamin D status.If the lactase enzyme activity is inadequate, the unabsorbed lactose is fermented by gut microflora with a production of short fatty acids (SCFA) and gases, thus increasing colonic distention and accelerating the oro-cecal transit time. The variable ability of the colonic microflora to ferment lactose in subjects with intolerance may explain why different subjects have different levels of tolerance. Fermentation of milk improves tolerance to lactose because of the pre...
activity in CMA. Especially patients in nonİgE mediated group that shows more intestinal signs had higher fecal calprotectin than İgE mediated group that shows less intestinal signs. Thus we can say that non İgE mediated group has high intestinal inflammation than non İgE mediated group.
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