Objective. To analyze the safety and accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the subaxial cervical and upper thoracic spine using patient-specific 3D navigation templates.Material and Methods. The study included 16 patients who underwent transpedicular implantation of screws in the subaxial cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae using patient-specific 3D navigation templates. A total of 88 screws were installed. All patients underwent preoperative CT angiography to assess visualization of the vertebral artery. Customized vertebral models and navigation templates were created using 3D printing technology. Models and templates were sterilized and used during surgery. The results of screw implantation, as well as the safety and accuracy of the placement, were assessed by postoperative CT.Results. The average deviation from the planned trajectory was 1.8 ± 0.9 mm. Deviation was estimated as class 1 (<2 mm) for 57 (64.77 %) screws, class 2 (2–4 mm) for 29 (32.95 %), and class 3 for two (2.27 %). The safety of screw implantation of grade 0 (the screw is completely inside the bone structure) was in 79 (89.77 %) cases, of grade 1 (<50 % of the screw diameter perforates the bone) – in 5 (5.68 %), and of grade 3 – in 2 (2.27 %).Conclusion. Using 3D navigation templates is an affordable and safe method of installing pedicle screws in the cervical and upper thoracic spine. The method can be used as an alternative to intraoperative CT navigation.
In a patient with intrahospital coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the possibility of using drugs containing a synthetic regulatory peptide of the thymus (L-glutamine-L-tryptophan - thymogen) as an active substance for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes is shown. The use of immunotropic agents contributed to the rapid involution of clinical, laboratory and instrumental (radiological) signs of the disease and its uncomplicated course both in the case of primary infection and in the case of superinfection. In COVID-19, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), the absolute and relative number of monocytes and peripheral blood platelets are quite informative and significant indicators of the severity and severity of the lesion. The formation of an adaptive humoral response in COVID-19 occurs later than in other respiratory infections
The objective of the present study was to elucidate the incidence of mycoplasma infection concomitant with sensorineural hearing impairment and its clinical manifestations with special reference to the methods for its diagnostics and treatment. The main method for the detection of mycoplasma infection is PCR in real time and the auxiliary one is the immunoenzymatic assay. The study revealed mycoplasma infection in 15 (13.9%) of the examined patients. The results of our investigations give evidence of the necessity to further study the clinical symptoms of mycoplasma infection associated with sensorineural hearing impairment and to search for the methods of the management of this condition.
This article is dedicated to the 250th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Andreevich Balugyansky, a prominent scientist and statesman of Rusinian descent (1769–1847), who made a significant contribution to the development of Russian humanities, higher education and public administration by developing a number of important reforms and codification of Russian legislation during the reign of Alexander I and Nicholas I. Having analysed and collated M.A. Balugyansky’s theoretical views of the state, law, economy and society, the authors conclude about their correlation with those of Joseph Sonnenfels, Adam Smith, and the Physiocrats. They emphasize M.A. Balugyansky’s commitment to the capitalist model of development, which he reinforced with his own insights. M.A. Balugyansky applied his theoretical positions to practice. The article focuses on two of his projects – on finance and on state peasants, which had the systemic nature and exerted a strong impact on the subsequent reformative projects. Analyzing these projects as well as challenges of their promotion, the authors conclude that their implementation was limited by the historical conditions of the Russian absolutist state with its inert bureaucracy and dominant noble landlord class. In this regard, the authors argue that M.A. Balugyansky was a forward-thinker, so it was only later that his progressive ideas and reformative activities could be successfully implemented.
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