Introduction: This study aimed to identify the Helicobacter pylori cagA+ genotype prevalent in a region of north-eastern Brazil and find possible associations between this genotype and socioeconomic variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 751 patients with dyspepsia from a public endoscopy clinic. Genotyping was carried out on 98 samples from gastric tissue with positive urease test for H. pylori using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Socioeconomic variables were collected via forms. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to analyze associations between variables and odds ratios were obtained to compare effects. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05 for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: H. pylori infection was present in 52.7% of the patients and associated with low income and consumption of untreated drinking water. The prevalence of the cagA+ genotype was 25.5%. Low income was inversely related to the presence of cagA+ genotype, even after adjustment. Untreated drinking water consumption was associated with the presence of the cagA+ genotype in both the univariate ( p = 0.03; OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.008–6.48) and multivariate ( p = 0.03; OR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.08–7.67) analyses. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that water can be an important vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic H. pylori strains and may be a public health challenge, especially in less developed regions with precarious water and sanitary conditions.
Objective: To identify socioeconomic factors and gastrointestinal disorders associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with dyspeptic symptoms. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out with 751 patients seen at a public endoscopy service. The association between socioeconomic factors and gastrointestinal disorders with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was verified using Pearson's correlation tests and measuring their effect using the odds ratio. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee on Research with Human Beings, according to opinion No. 1,304,308. Results: The prevalence of the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was 57.1%. There was an association between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and smoking (RC: 1.85; p = 0.002), alcoholism (RC: 1.46; p = 0.01), H.pylori infection (RC = 0 , 75; p = 0.036) and with peptic ulcer disease (RC: 2.29; p = 0.005). Conclusions: The study showed that the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is frequent in patients who seek the endoscopy service. Smoking and alcoholic patients were more likely to use these drugs and their use increase the chances of developing peptic ulcers.
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