The hot (Th ∼ 10 keV) protons of the outer magnetosphere are frequently observed to have T⊥/T‖ > 1, where the subscripts denote directions relative to the background magnetic field. This anisotropy leads to the growth of the electromagnetic proton cyclotron anisotropy instability, which implies two concise scaling relations: an upper bound on T⊥h/T‖h and an expression for the apparent temperature of warm (Tω ∼ 10 eV) protons heated by this instability. One‐dimensional hybrid simulations of this instability in a homogeneous plasma have been used to examine the velocity distribution response of both hot and warm protons. Results are that the enhanced fluctuations from this instability not only preserve the initially bi‐Maxwellian character of a hot proton distribution but also drive a hot distribution which is initially nongyrotropic rapidly toward the gyrotropic condition. These results further support the validity of the hot proton temperature anisotropy upper bound. Although wave‐particle interactions yield nongyrotropic ƒω(υ⊥) distributions, the ƒω(υ‖) remain Maxwellian‐like as they are heated by the enhanced fluctuations.
The following article presents an anthropological and urban reflection focused on the daily life and the main problems including: the impact of the Migrant Caravans, and urban issues in Tijuana during the years 2018 – 2021. Furthermore, the article discusses other important issues such as: the COVID-19 pandemic impact, and the historical socio-cultural patterns developed to survive the economic inequality conditions in Tijuana. Methodologically, the article utilized a qualitative approach based on fieldwork experience including participant observation, and multiple interviews conducted with residents and workers during my visits to Tijuana, Baja California, México between 2018 – 2021. The conclusions of this article present a reflection to understand and to make visible the living conditions of the migrants, the efforts provided by one Migrant organization and the unique lifestyle and contemporary urban problems developed in the border city of Tijuana.
The following article presents an anthropological and historical analysis based on the social movement referred to as #Rickyrenuncia and its most important achievements during the Summer of 2019 in Puerto Rico. The theoretical concepts used in this analysis are concepts of agency and citizen participation that enabled social mobilization. The subaltern by Gayatri Spivak and the most recent studies regarding Puerto Rico’s political and economic crisis are highlighted in order to contextualize the Summer of 2019.
Este proyecto ha aplicado la metodología de revisión por pares para evaluar y mejorar la docencia en inglés de distintas asignaturas dentro del plan de bilingüismo de la Universidad de Córdoba. Se ha realizado la evaluación por parte de compañeros, la grabación de algunas clases, y una serie de sesiones presenciales en las que se han discutido los resultados y planteado puntos de mejora.
The following article presents an anthropological and historical reflection on the Puerto Rican inner-city neighborhood better known as “Los Sures” in South Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City (nyc). The analysis will explore the contemporary academic discussion regarding the following concepts: poverty, the welfare State, the discourse surrounding welfare recipient’s culture, inner-city living conditions, and the current context of gentrification.
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