Fish canning wastewaterWastewater variability Principal component analysis Cluster analysis Correlation analysisMultivariate statistical methods a b s t r a c t Usually, fish canning industrial wastewaters have a highly variable composition over time.For a good performance of treatment processes it is necessary to limit that variation.However, extended wastewater monitoring, including all relevant analytical parameters, is expensive. This work proposes an efficient approach to minimize the analytical determinations number without compromising the global characterization goal. This way, fish canning industry wastewaters variability was assessed and interpreted through multivariate statistical tools application to analytical data obtained from a monitoring program carried out in a fish canning industry of northern Portugal. 23 physicochemical parameters were determined in 20 samples collected on an 8 months period. The results achieved by correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) led to the main water pollution sources identification and to the minimization of physical and chemical parameters number to be analyzed in order to achieve a correct wastewater characterization, at minimum cost. The main pollution sources proved to be the brine and eviscerating step waters.Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total suspended solids (TSS), conductivity, pH, Ca 2+ , F − and one of the parameters SO 4 2 , NO 3 − and PO 4 3− were identified as important parameters that must be monitored in order to obtain an accurate characterization allowing to define the most appropriate wastewater treatment.
Fish canning industry wastewaters have high organic matter, oil and grease and salt (NaCl) content, which make difficult a proper treatment before discharge. In this work, their treatment was evaluated via activated sludge aerobic biological process through respirometric tests. Inhibition was found to be significant for NaCl concentrations higher than 17.5 g/L. On the other hand, the oil and grease content affects the wastewater biodegradability in the same way that the organic matter content expressed as chemical oxygen demand: the lower oil and grease and organic matter concentrations, the lower the percentage of wastewater biodegradability. As a final conclusion, the aerobic biological treatment process by activated sludge proved to be appropriate to treat fish canning industrial wastewaters, leading to high organic matter degradation rates (average value of 4900 mg O2 /g COD .d). Additionally, the experimental results achieved with the respirometric tests may be useful for the design of activated sludge plants to treat this type of wastewaters.
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