Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased workload and stress could have increased mental health problems (anxiety and depression) in military personnel. However, the number of studies in military members is scarce, especially in regard to mental health. The objective of this study was determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety in Peruvian military personnel. Methods We undertook an analytical cross-sectional study. The survey was distributed face to face between November 02 and 09, 2021, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among the military personnel. We used some instruments to measure depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI), food insecurity (Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, HFIAS), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaires, IPAQ-S), resilience (abbreviated CD-RISC), and fear of COVID-19 scale. The exclusion criteria included those who did not completely fill out the evaluation instruments. Results We analyzed the data of 615 military personnel that participated in the survey. Of them, 93.7% were male and the median age was 22 years old. There was a prevalence of 29.9% and 22.0% in regard to depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. In addition, it was found that being married (PR: 0.63; 95% IC: 0.42–0.94), having a relative with mental health problems (PR: 2.16), having experienced food insecurity (PR: 1.48), insomnia (PR: 2.71), fear of COVID-19 (PR: 1.48), and a high level of resilience (PR: 0.65) were factors associated with depression. In regard to anxiety, the factors associated were working for more than 18 months since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (PR: 0.52), a high level of resilience (PR: 0.50; 95% IC: 0.33–0.77), insomnia (PR: 3.32), fear of COVID-19 (PR: 2.43). Conclusion We found a prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety of 29.9% and 22.0%, respectively. In regard to the factors that attenuate depression, we can mention being married and having resilience; and among the aggravating factors, having a relative with mental health problems, food insecurity, insomnia, and fear of COVID-19. Finally, anxiety increased through working time, insomnia, and fear of COVID-19.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, university students have adopted measures that completely transformed their educational environment, and this has generated an increase in psychological stress. The present study aimed to identify the factors associated with anxiety, depression, and stress in students at a university in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in students in Lima, Peru. The DASS-21 scale was used to measure levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and associate it with socio-educational and COVID-19-related variables using generalized linear models with Poisson distribution, log link, and robust variance. Of 400 students surveyed, 19.2%, 23.2% and 17.2% of students presented depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The frequency of depression (PR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84–0.99), anxiety (PR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.83–0.99) and stress (PR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86–0.99) was lower in women. The students of the engineering and business faculty presented a higher frequency of anxiety (PR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.00–1.22). There was a greater frequency of presenting anxiety, depression and stress in students who worked in a different area of health or did not work. Our results suggest the importance of promoting mental health awareness campaigns in university students due to the constant academic load they have.

Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios se han visto obligados a cambiar sus hábitos debido a la cuarentena por la pandemia COVID-19. Objetivo: Desarrollar una escala de validación para conocer los cambios en los estilos de vida durante la cuarentena en estudiantes universitarios de Lima, Perú. Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional, analítico. Se encuestaron a 549 universitarios de medicina humana y psicología de dos universidades privadas de Lima de forma virtual. Se realizó la validez de constructo, la fiabilidad y los rangos/categorías para calificar el estilo de vida. Resultados: La escala final quedó conformada por 25 reactivos. La prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett fue significativa (3514,19, gl= 300, p<0,001) y el indicador de adecuación del tamaño de muestra Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin fue adecuado (0,845). Las cuatro áreas temáticas fueron cambios con respecto a 1) Hábitos alimenticios; 2) Hábitos nocivos; 3) Actividad física; y 4) Uso de medios de comunicación. Al ser una escala de medición ordinal tipo Likert, se procedió a confirmar los resultados a través del programa Factor Analisys obteniendo un KMO de 0.80 (confiable) y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett significativa (5528,8; p<0,001; gl=300), confirmando la existencia de 7 componentes que explican el 63% de la varianza. Conclusión: Esta escala reúne las propiedades psicométricas para ser considerado un instrumento útil, valido y fiable para medir dichos cambios en estudiantes de carreras de ciencias de la salud, siendo necesario validarlo en forma prospectiva en otras carreras y países. Palabras clave: Estilo de vida; Estudiantes; Estudio de validación (fuente: DeCS BIREME).

Journal home page: http://revistas.urp.edu.pe/index.php/RFMH © Los autores. Este artículo es publicado por la Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Ricardo Palma. Este es un artículo de Open Access distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), que permite el uso no comercial, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citadas. Para uso comercial, por favor póngase en contacto con revista.medicina@urp.pe ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the predictive risk factors for the non-effectiveness of the use of beta-lactam antibiotics in patients hospitalized for UTI in the internal medicine service. Methods: This is an observational, analytical, control case, retrospective cross section. to 280 patients hospitalized with UTI, 140 cases and 140 controls, from Santa Rosa hospital in the period January-December 2016, to which the clinical history and urine cultures were reviewed, from which the variables of Age, Sex, DM2, CKD, previous hospitalizations. Results: Obtained from the Diabetes Mellitus 2 analysis OR: 7.79 IC 95% (4.57-13.27), Chronic kidney disease OR: 24.06 IC 95% (12.04-48.07), Previous hospitalization OR: 3.93 IC 95% (2.37-6.51) Being considered as positive predictors and statistically significant. Conclusion: The majority of the population was predominantly female and under 65 years of age; having diabetes mellitus 2, chronic kidney disease and previous hospitalization were positive and statistically significant associated factors, for the non-effectiveness of the use of beta-lactams in patients hospitalized with UTI.

Introducción: El COVID 19 es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el SARS-CoV-2 que ha afectado en gran escala al Perú. No están documentados los potenciales factores clínicos y/o epidemiológicos que están relacionados a la positividad de SARS-CoV-2 en población altoandina. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a positividad de SARS-Cov-2 en personas que viven en Ancash. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Se utilizaron los registros de pacientes atendidos por sospecha de COVID-19 en un hospital público de Huaraz en marzo-mayo 2020. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) con intervalos de confianza. En el análisis de regresión simple, se estimaron razones de prevalencia e intervalos de confianza al 95%, utilizando familia de distribución Poisson, función de enlace log y varianza robusta Resultados: De 903 pacientes, 13,7% pacientes resultaron positivos a SARS-CoV-2. En la regresión simple, resultó que el sexo masculino (RP=2,98), presentar tos (RP=2,27), dificultad respiratoria (RP=2,97), diarrea (RP=2,69), malestar general (RP=1,82), odinofagia (RP=1,69) se asociaron positivamente a tener prueba SARS-CoV-2 positiva. En la regresión múltiple se mantuvo la asociación en cuatro características: ser varón (RP=2,7), presentar tos (RP=1,45), dificultad respiratoria (RP=2,15) y diarrea (RP=1,89). Conclusión: En zona altoandina, los casos positivos en su mayoría presentan síntomas típicos. Los factores asociados a la positividad fueron el sexo masculino y la presencia de dificultad tos, respiratoria y diarrea.

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Introduction: Given the high consumption of salt in the population, the need arises to have a validated tool that measures the knowledge, attitudes and practices of salt consumption (CAP-salt). Objective: To validate the questionnaire on CAP-salt. Methods: Psychometric study of content validity through expert judgment. A total of 5 physicians from different specialties were counted. To calculate the degree of agreement between the expert judges, Aiken's V was used. As a decision criterion to keep an item, a value ≥ 0.7 was considered. Results: In relation to clarity, V values greater than 0.80 were presented, in addition to a variation coefficient of less than 25%, therefore, none of the items was eliminated. Regarding coherence, they presented a coefficient of variation above 20% and V values greater than 0.71, confirming the decision not to exclude any of them. Regarding the relevance of the items, V values higher than 0.90 were also evidenced and neither did any of them present a value below the critical one. Conclusions: The questionnaire has presented sufficient evidence of content validity in terms of clarity, coherence and relevance of the items through the aforementioned analyses. For this reason, it should be used to quantify the KAP of different population groups in the country.

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