In the contemporary world of instant communication, which creates parallel trends in diverse cultures, comparative guidance studies have acquired a new importance. They promote a higher degree of cross‐cultural openness and sensitivity, at the same time stimulating clarification of values. Here the author reviews earlier publications on comparative guidance and presents examples of new insights into guidance practices that can be gained through international studies. He offers suggestions on planning professional travel abroad and on including comparative guidance studies in existing counselor training programs.
A graphic matrix, the Three-Dimensional Intervention Model, serves as a framework to help counselors visualize the mutual relationships of counseling, consultation, and supervision.
The emergence of counseling as a recognized helping profession has led to the introduction of higher standards for counselor education. Emphasis has been placed on a balance between theoretical erudition and practical training. Some counseling practitioners, however, minimize the value of theoretical knowledge and doubt its importance for professional effectiveness. This article challenges such views and points out that counselors cannot remain true professionals unless they undergird their work by adequate theoretical insights. Theories help counselors understand the dynamics of human behavior and choose therapeutic approaches appropriate to specific clients and situations. Psychological theories come alive in the counselor's mind if they are seen as extensions of life experiences of various theorists. To document this reality, the article presents several examples of well-known psychological theorists. Counseling practitioners are then encouraged to form, on the basis of existing theories, an operational framework consistent with their own experiences and values.
This paper examines the theoretical concept and the operational patterns of consultatlon, that can be a major component in the helping repertoire of counselors The author uses the Three-Dimensional Intervention Model to graphically illustrate the common base and the specific differences of counseling and consultation and to identify the natural overlap of the two professional functions The graphic matrix also points out the degree to which the range of counselor interventions broadens through the use of consultation with individuals, groups, institutions, and the community at large Practical examples that help clarify the value of consultation for effective counselor functioning are drawn from professional work with disabled persons and their families
This article was stimulated by the omission of the term guidance from the new name of the professional association of American counselors. Was this merely a sign of preference in terminology or did it constitute a repudiation of the concept of guidance itself? After differentiating the descriptive term and the programmatic concept of guidance, the writer identifies American school guidance as a constellation of integrated services (counseling, appraisal, information, etc.). The fact, that guidance was primarily associated with the school system is inconsequential. As a multiple service model of helping it is equally applicable in other settings. Community mental health providers -clinicians, social workers, and community counselors -warn against one-sided approaches and advocate multiple service care delivery. The final section of the article reviews the gradual development of guidance services since World War II to their present form. There is no valid argument to support the opinion that AACD, by its name change, did repudiate the programmatic concept of guidance as a model of multi-service care delivery. No doubt, the term guidance will be retained in American schools. Counselors working in other settings may want to acquire a new term for an integrated, multi-service model of helping.As is well known, the professional association of American counselors changed its name in
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