No abstract

La gran demanda, el fácil acceso y el tiempo de dedicación a los videojuegos por parte de los adolescentes han causado consecuencias no beneficiosas por su uso excesivo, convirtiéndose en un problema social, por esta razón resulta pertinente conocer su prevalencia en el contexto ecuatoriano, además de explorar su relación con algunas variables sociodemográficas. La presente investigación comprende un estudio no experimental, ex-post-facto, comparativo y transversal, realizado en una muestra de 3.178 estudiantes de secundaria de 76 instituciones educativas del Ecuador, de los cuales el 52,8% fueron hombres y el 47,2% mujeres, entre 14 y 17 años (15,62±0,80). Los resultados arrojaron una prevalencia baja de uso problemático de videojuegos (1,13%), los adolescentes hombre y que residían en zonas urbanas tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de presentar un mayor uso problemático de videojuegos. La edad, el tipo de institución educativa y el tipo de familia no se relacionaron con el uso problemático de videojuegos. Estos hallazgos respaldan la necesidad de generar intervenciones eficaces que atienda la demanda de usuarios que presenten una mayor tendencia a usar dispositivos de videojuegos de manera excesiva.

BackgroundThe Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is the most well-known self-report measure to screen for depressive symptomatology, although discerning which is the factor structure that represents the best fit remains a challenge.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 in a large sample of Ecuadorian college students.MethodsA total of 5,394 students (M = 22.03 years; SD = 3.05; 54.8% female) from three Ecuadorian universities were surveyed using a computerized questionnaire within a 4-week assessment period. The PHQ-9 was tested for factorial structure, reliability, and correlations with other mental health-related measures.ResultsThe hierarchical model that included a general factor and three nested factors had a better fit, and such a hierarchical structure remained invariant across sex and age. Total omega value (ω) was 0.90 for the total scale and hierarchical omega values (ωh) were 0.68 for the general factor, as well as 0.34, 0.38, and 0.44 for the respective nested factors (somatic, cognitive/affective, concentration/motor). Moreover, PHQ-9 scores were significantly higher among women, although effect sizes of comparison of those sex differences were very small. Finally, the PHQ-9 scores correlated with multiple mental health indicators (psychological inflexibility, loneliness, stress, and satisfaction with life).DiscussionThe Spanish version of the PHQ-9 showed good psychometric properties among Ecuadorian college students. The hierarchical structure showed the best fit for the data, including not only a dominant general factor, but also the somatic, cognitive/affective and concentration/motor subcomponents. In conclusion, the PHQ-9 tool seems to represent an easy-to-implement screening questionnaire to design preventive programs for those Ecuadorian college students at risk of developing depressive disorders.

(1) Background: The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) is the most well-known self-report measure to assess psychological inflexibility, a transdiagnostic pathological process, and targets for interventions. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Ecuadorian Spanish version of the AAQ-II in a large sample of college students in Ecuador. (2) Methods: A total of 7905 students, 46.26% male and 53.75% female, from 11 Ecuadorian universities were surveyed. The AAQ-II was tested for factorial structure, reliability, and correlations with other health-related measures. (3) Results: The AAQ-II showed an unidimensional factorial structure, accounting for 66.87% to 70% of the total variance and showing a good fit of the data to the model (comparative adjustment index (CFI) = 0.995; goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.992; Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual (SRMR) = 0.037; mean square approximation error (RMSEA) = 0.047, CI90% = 0.038–0.056). Reliability was optimal (Cronbach’s α = 0.919; ω = 0.928), and AAQ-II scores significantly correlated with multiple health indicators. Psychological inflexibility was significantly higher in women than men. (4) Conclusions: The Spanish version of the AAQ-II showed good psychometric properties, which further supports psychological inflexibility, not just as a transdiagnostic process.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue verificar la influencia de factores individuales como la edad, el sexo, el nivel socioeconómico, y factores protectores como la resiliencia, la autoeficacia generalizada y el apoyo social percibido sobre los estilos de vida saludable, en personas con riesgo cardiovascular, además de sus posibles interacciones. Se utilizó una muestra de 290 personas, compuesta por 140 hombres y 150 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre 35 y 65 años. A través de un análisis de ruta, se obtuvo que las variables con mayor predicción sobre el estilo de vida saludable fueron el apoyo social percibido, específicamente de amigos, y la resiliencia. Así mismo, se encontró que la autoeficacia influye significativamente sobre la resiliencia, y el apoyo social percibido es un predictor relevante para la primera. En conclusión, el estilo de vida saludable se puede predecir en gran medida por variables de contenido psicológico, de forma directa e indirecta. Además, puede verse diferenciado dependiendo de la dimensión específica de la variable predicha y el número de variables que se relacionen en conjunto.