Electrons of two million volts energy from an electrostatic generator were used to investigate the properties of the asymmetric radiation discovered by Cerenkov. This radiation is produced when electrons traverse a material medium with a velocity greater than the velocity of light in that medium. It was found for several solids and liquids that the direction of the emission of the radiation is accurately expressed by the relation, cos 6-l/(3n, and that the intensity maximum is quite sharp. The nature of the radiation from all solids and liquids investigated was found to be continuous and identical in appearance. The radiation apparently extends with increasing intensity from the infra-red to the ultraviolet absorption limit of the medium in which it is produced. Rough quantitative measurements of its intensity indicate that one 1.9 million volt electron in being brought to rest in water produces 40 quanta in a wave-length range 4000A to 6700A. These results are in good agreement with the classical explanation of the phenomenon given by Frank and Tamm.
Flat washers 50 and 52, with films 56 and 57 of solid lubricant material, provide a controlled frictional engagement of the moving parts during the tuning procedure, allowing spring washers 54 and 55 to have stable contact with the plate surface. Several other arrangements of parts are shown. The patent figures present considerable data demonstrating the advantages of this tuning system from stability and longevity standpoints.--DWM 4,909,117 43.75.Tv PORTABLE DRUM SOUND SIMULATOR Victor G. Reiling and Bryan I. Dean, assignors to Nasta Industries,
This method of noise suppression in template-matching speech recognition systems is based on a least-mean-squares estimation using conditional expected values. Filter bank spectral data frames are generated for a large body of speech samples. Distances between the spectral parameters of the templates and those of nonnoisy input speech are used, along with their , valances, to compute a se•es of noise-immunity mappings at five frequencies and three signal-to-noise levels. Spectral distances computed for an unknown utterance are then mapped to the new metric using interpolated table lookup. An added benefit of the method is said to arise from the fact that speech spectra have nonGaussian amplitude distributions. The method is independent of the technique used for spectral analysis.--DLR 5,070,754 43.75.Bc DIGITAL AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSOR Tod M. Adamson, Alexandria, VA 10 December 1991 (Class 84/454); filed 20 September 1988"A digital signal processing apparatus is provided for identifying the octave, note and cent of a musical sound. The apparatus includes a transducer for converting the musical sound into an electrical signal, a digital detection unit, receiving the electrical signal from the transducer, for determining the octave, note and cent of the material sound by detecting a fundamental frequency of the electrical signal; and a display unit, responsive to the detection unit, for displaying the note as an alphanumeric character and the cent as a positive or negative decimal integral number from -49 to -t-50 with zero cents representing perfect concert pitch."--DWM 5,065,660 43.75.Mn PLANO TUNING SYSTEMEric de Buda, This is another complex automatic system for tuning the strings of a piano, in which the natural frequency of the tuned portion of the strings between the terminations is picked up and compared to a reference frequency. The difference between these two frequencies controls a motor which drives a tension adjusting mechanism connected mechanically to the tuning pin for that string. As is true for most robotic systems of this type, the patent neglects such factors as inharmonicity, and also ignores the principles underlying the aural tuning process inherent in the method used by piano tuners. This method achieves both a suitably stretched scale of piano tone frequencies and a slight, optimum amount of detuning of unison strings.--DWM 5,072,642 43.75.Mn REINFORCED SOUND BOARD USED IN MUSICAL INSTRUMENT Katsuhiko Imagawa, assignor to Yamaha Corporation 17 December 1991 (Class 84/193); filed in Japan 28 July 1989 The purpose of this piano soundboard is to provide a soundboard "which produces a soft deep sound." Toward that end the soundboard 4 has wood fibers in the wooden plate 4a aligned in the same direction as the fibers % 4dn 4,b 4a 4dc 4do 4 p 4dq WF in "thread members" (ribs) 4da-n. According to the patent the modulus of longitudinal elasticity for the thread members should be larger than for the wooden plate 4a.--DWM 5,056,403 43.75.Tv ELECTRONIC DRUM WITH VIBRATION ISOLATING HEAD Toshinori Yamash...
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