The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented economic challenges across the world. To combat these challenges, the government of Peru used fiscal stimulus in the form of direct subsidies paid to vulnerable populations for social protection and to stimulate the economy. Using 514 survey responses collected both in-person and online, the objectives of this study were to calculate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for Peruvian subsidy recipients and to evaluate the heterogeneity amongst beneficiaries based on four individual factors: pre-pandemic savings, financial inclusion (bank account ownership), survey response type (online vs in-person), and domicile location (residing in Lima Metro or not). Overall, survey responses showed an average MPC of 0.89, which was greater than subsidy-inspired MPC studies from high-income countries like the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan. There was a statistically significant relationship between MPC and liquidity, which corroborated previous studies on MPC from other countries. Relationships between similar programs in Peru and high-income countries for the impact, effectiveness, and purpose of direct stimulus payments are discussed.
Objetivo: Describir los factores considerados como determinantes de la fragilidad financiera del sistema bancario en economías emergentes, fundamentalmente acotados al sistema bancario mexicano. Método: La investigación fue descriptiva, basada en información cuantitativa del sistema bancario mexicano con el propósito de mostrar el comportamiento de indicadores financieros relevantes asociados a la fragilidad financiera de los sistemas bancarios en economías emergentes. Resultados: Los sistemas bancarios en economías emergentes muestran niveles de fragilidad financiera, generados por la incidencia de eventos críticos económico-financieros registrados a nivel internacional, observados en los indicadores financieros relevantes de liquidez, solvencia, solidez y rentabilidad. Conclusiones: El comportamiento de variables macroeconómicas y financieras relevantes, y los niveles insuficientes de liquidez y capital global o solvencia dentro del contexto de un escenario con predominio de riesgos financieros, muestran el nivel de fragilidad del sistema bancario mexicano.
Objetivo: Determinar el efecto que generan los factores económicos externos hacia el crecimiento económico del Perú en el periodo 2000-2019. Método: La investigación fue de índole descriptivo y explicativo, con diseño no experimental. La técnica de recolección de data empleó el análisis documentario y utilizó una población de tipo censal, considerando a la economía del Perú y la economía global. Se estimó el modelo vector autorregresivo (VAR), donde se desarrolló un análisis estadístico y un análisis estructural. Resultados: Se encontró que el shock del producto bruto interno (PBI) chino da a conocer un crecimiento en su participación (42,0%) sobre el crecimiento del PBI del Perú en su décimo trimestre; los shocks de los términos de intercambio registraron una incidencia económica que oscila alrededor del 2,0% y los shocks del índice de riesgo país han consignado un leve ascenso, alcanzando el 3,0% de variabilidad del PBI del Perú. Conclusión: Se encontró que las variables consideradas como factores externos, sobre todo el PBI de China, repercuten, de una manera u otra, en el crecimiento económico del país.
Objective: To estimate a relation between the collection of tax revenues with those from the mining sector, with consideration of the economic recovery of the post-pandemic context in Peru. Method: The research approach was descriptive and correlational level under the Pearson method, oriented to the tax collection of the mining sector and the revenues collected in Peru between 2012 and 2021; in addition, a non-experimental and cross-sectional design was used with information obtained from official sources of the National Superintendence of Customs and Tax Administration (SUNAT). Results: There is a moderate positive correlation between the collection of tax revenues from the mining sector and total tax revenues. The relationship is presented with the participation of the mining sector, which comprises a large percentage of such revenues. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the collection of tax revenues from the mining sector and the economy’s recovery, since it settles the country's income for its operations and recovery after the pandemic, maintaining itself as a stable sector. Also, giving that it is a sector that has an incidence degree in tax collection, it becomes essential to strengthen it to boost the national economy.
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