BackgroundThe main objective was to evaluate the possible protective effect of Chuquiraga spinosa extract on N-methyl nitrosourea (NMU)-induced prostate cancer in rats and DU-145 cell line.Materials and methodsProstate carcinogenesis was induced in 30 male Holtzman rats by providing cyproterone acetate, testosterone, and NMU. The tumors were monitored and hematological and biochemical parameters and frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were recorded. The cell line was assessed by a cytotoxicity assay.ResultsOral administration of C. spinosa extract significantly lowered superoxide dismutase malondialdehyde, NO, C-reactive protein, and prostate-specific antigen levels (all P < 0.01 compared with Inductor Group). There was a significant decrease in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (P < 0.05). C. spinosa presented a selectivity index of 17.24 in the cytotoxicity assay.ConclusionsConsidering its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic effects, and important variations on biochemical and hematological parameters, including prostate-specific antigen of C. spinosa extract, we conclude that it has a protective effect on NMU-induced prostate cancer in rats and cytotoxicity in the DU-145 cell line.
BackgroundCurrently, gastric cancer (GC) is considered a public health problem worldwide. Using medicinal plants for the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer constitutes new alternatives in traditional medicine. Oenothera rosea (OR) could be an option, but it needs to be evaluated.AimThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of OR extract on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced GC in rats.MethodsIn total, 80 male Holtzman rats were randomized into five groups. Group A received the saline solution (5mL/kg), group B received NMU 500 μg/kg (cancer inductor) by oral administration for 16 weeks, and groups C, D, and E were treated with OR extract (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, respectively) and NMU in order to evaluate the preventive effect on cancer induced by NMU for 16 weeks. Blood and histological samples of stomachs were collected to determine histopathological, biochemical, and hematological parameters between different experimental groups.ResultsGroups C, D, and E presented less histopathological changes such as anaplastic and hyperplastic cells, compared with group B. Hematological and biochemical parameters were recorded, and superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels were statistically less than those of NMU group (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.01).ConclusionConsidering the histopathological signs and the antioxidant activity in vivo as well as hematological and biochemical parameters of ethanolic extract of OR, we concluded that its administration in rats has a protective effect on GC, which is induced experimentally. This species could be studied in clinical trials for patients with GC in the future.
Each part of Neem tree has various medicinal properties. Non woody part of Neem such as leaf, bark, oil, flowers, fruits and seed show great properties that is Antiallergic, Antifungal, Antibiotic, Antidermatic, Antibacterial, Antiinflammatory, Insecticidal, Larvicidal, Antimalarial, Antiulcer and other biological activities. 5 Some water soluble extract of Azadirachta Indica have great importance in hyperglycemia, hypolipidemia and hypotensive activities. 6 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NEEM Neem has great Antimicrobial activity it contains 35 biological active compounds. Neem leaf juice and twigs are used to clean teeth and used as a tonic and people of India used to place Neem leaves in their beds, books and cupboards to prevent bugs. 7 A number of potent pharmaceutical compounds limnoods and triterpenoids have been isolated from the fruits and bark of neem tree. Neem extracts and its different constituents play essential role in the inhibition of several microbes which includes viruses, fungi and bacteria. The extracts of methanol and hexane chloroform of Azadirachta indica were selected against antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecalis. It was revealed that methanol extract was the most effective, chloroform reasonably effective and hexane extract showed little antibacterial activity. 8 The antibacterial activity of neem describes as fellow. Antibacterial action of neem Neem usually used in medicine and pharmaceutics. The stem and bark of Neem has great antibacterial activity against Klebsiella, Serratia species and Streptococcus. 9 The methanolic extracts of Neem has antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholera and chloroform extracts against E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecalis. 10 ABSTRACT Neem has become valuable plant in the world which shows the solutions for hundreds to thousands problems. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a rapidly growing evergreen well known tree found Pada generally in various regions of world like America, Africa and India. It has been widely used in Chinese, Ayurveda and Unani medicines across the world especially in Asians countries for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The different parts of neem plant contain biological compounds responsible for antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. It is considered as safe medicinal plants and modulates the numerous biological processes without any adverse effect. Neem tree produces some active compounds which contain biological activities, parts of neem tree such as Root, bark, leaf, flower, seed and fruit together possesses biological activities. Various compounds have been obtained from various parts of neem. Biological activities of few of them have been studied. Hence, the article is aims to utilize the medicinal properties of whole neem plant in various disorders of mankind.
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