Bryophytes (liverworts, mosses and hornworts) are one of the most diverse plant groups worldwide but one of the least studied in temperate forests from an ecological perspective. In comparison to vascular plants, bryophytes have a broader distribution and a longer altitudinal gradient, and their influence on the landscape is poorly understood. The objective was to evaluate environmental drivers that can influence bryophyte cover, richness, diversity, and nestedness in different forest canopy compositions in two typical landscapes across the natural distribution of bryophytes in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Three natural Nothofagus forest types (pure deciduous, pure evergreen, and mixed deciduous-evergreen) in two landscapes (coasts < 100 m.a.s.l. and mountains > 400 m.a.s.l.) were selected (N = 60 plots). In each plot, we established one transect (10 m length) to measure bryophyte cover (point-intercept method). Data were evaluated using generalized linear mixed models and multivariate analyses. The studied environmental drivers were mainly explained by the microclimate, with higher effective annual precipitation and relative air humidity in the coastal forests and higher soil moisture in the mountain forests. Greater liverwort richness was found in evergreen forests at the mountain (9 species) than at the coastal, while mosses showed higher richness in mixed deciduous-evergreen forests at the coastal (11 species) than at the mountain. However, the expected richness according to the rarefaction/extrapolation curves suggested that it is possible to record additional species, except for liverworts in pure deciduous forests on the coasts. Similarities and differences among the studied forest types and among plots of the same forest type and landscape were detected. These differences in the studied indexes (similarity that varied between 0 and 1) ranged from 0.09–0.48 for liverworts and 0.05–0.65 for mosses. Moreover, these results indicated that pure evergreen and mixed deciduous-evergreen forests presented higher moss cover (10.7% and 10.0%, respectively), mainly in the mountains than on the coast. These outputs highlight the need to explore differences at greater altitudinal ranges to achieve sustainability objectives conservation planning for bryophytes in southernmost forests.

With the aim of making a contribution to a better understanding of the geographic distribution of these species and encourage bryological studies and the conservation of these plants in the country, the results of floristic investigations are presented. Nineteen national, regional and provincial records for 17 species of bryophytes are provided based on revision of specimens and overlooked literature. The ranges of six species are expanded. In addition, the site of the original collection of one taxon (Barbula austrogracilis Dus.) is corrected, and a second specimen is verified.

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El presente estudio da a conocer once nuevos registros de plantas no vasculares (Briófitas: musgos, hepáticas y antocerotes), para la Región de Arica y Parinacota en Chile. Dos son nuevos para el país (Bartramia brevifolia subsp. brevifolia y Targonia stellaris), y nueve corresponden a registros regionales (Amblystegium serpens, Bryum argenteum, Bryum orthothecium, Isotachis madida, Marchantia polymorpha, Phaeoceros sp., Plagiochasma rupestre, Pohlia wilsonii, Targonia hypophylla). Dichas especies se distribuyen discontinuamente en el matorral bajo de altitud entre los 3.000-4.500 msnm, formando comunidades en cojín, esteras taloides y céspedes, entre el suelo mineral y rocas, como también subsumergidas a sumergidas en cursos de agua. Biogeográficamente predominan elementossubcosmopolitas y subtropicales, estos últimos, citados para áreas andinas de Bolivia, Perú y Argentina, reforzando con ello las afinidades florísticas del extremo norte andino con regiones colindantes subtropicales de Sudamérica. El presente estudio incrementa las colecciones de flora no vascular del herbario SGO, documenta nuevas especies para el país, como también contribuye con ejemplares de referencia para especies de musgos citados previamente para esta región andina del país.

Understanding the influence environmental drivers on understory vegetation is important for conservation efforts under climate change. Bryophytes are one of the most diverse groups in temperate forests but also the least known. In addition, the environmental drivers (e.g., forest structure, microclimate, soil conditions or substrate) influencing over bryophyte community among Nothofagus forest types are poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of forest canopy-layer composition on the structure (cover) and the composition (richness and diversity) of bryophyte communities (mosses and liverworts) in two contrast landscape types (coast and mountain) in southern Patagonia. Three natural Nothofagus forest types (pure deciduous, pure evergreen, and mixed deciduous-evergreen) in two landscapes (coast < 100 m.a.s.l.; mountain > 400 m.a.s.l.) were selected (N = 60 plots). In each forest plot, we established one linear transect (10 m length) to measure bryophyte cover (point-intercept method). The data were evaluated using ANOVAs, Chi-square test and multivariate analyses. The mosses were mostly austral-antarctic origin, and the liverworts were all endemics. The principal substrates for the bryophytes development in the forest floor were litter and decaying woods. Moreover, many bryophytes species act as a substrate for natural tree regeneration. The forest structure was the main driver of bryophytes community in the coast landscape, while the slope was the principal driver of bryophytes in the mountain landscape. These differences were mainly explained for the microclimate into the forests (e.g., soil moisture and air temperature), and for the regional climate in the landscapes (e.g., air temperature and soil conditions). Notably, the mixed forest, mainly in the coast, presented exclusive species that were not present in the deciduous and evergreen pure forests. The conservation efforts should include management considerations both the stand and landscape levels based on the potential climate-change impact over bryophyte communities.

Se presenta un módulo de exhibición, Briofitario, de regulación automática para mantener condicionesambientales estables que permiten la sobrevivencia de las muestras a exhibir y de un diseño de prismatriangular. El briofitario incluyó siete especies de plantas no vasculares (briófitas): seis musgos y unahepática talosa compleja incorporando una placa Arduino UNO modelo R3 como soporte central parael control automatizado de temperatura y humedad relativa en su interior. La propuesta museográficafue desarrollada íntegramente por las Áreas Botánica, Exhibiciones y Unidad de Recursos Tecnológicos.Dicha sinergia interdisciplinaria abre nuevos espacios para la generación de elementos, ideas e instanciasde investigación y experimentación. En general, debe resaltarse que el briofitario es un módulocapaz de mantener plantas vivas en su interior, permitiendo exponer especies representativas de la florano vascular que habitan bosques y áreas mediterráneas del país, contribuyendo consecuentemente a laenseñanza y valoración de este grupo de plantas en la ciudadanía.

Las briófitas utilizan hábitats con particulares condiciones microclimáticas, respecto a humedad, temperatura y luminosidad (León-Vargas et al. 2006, Stewart & Mallik 2006). También utilizan diferentes sustratos para establecerse, tales como madera en descomposición, superficies rocosas sombrías, suelo mineral y corteza de árboles; debido a diferencias en el pH, la exposición de la superficie (respecto al sol o viento) y la humedad (Fenton et al. 2015). Los disturbios que modifican el microhábitat de establecimiento pueden ejercer cambios en la presencia o ausencia de briófitas, tanto en bosques (Frego 2007, Fenton et al. 2015) como en humedales (Stapanian et al. 2016), lo que puede estar influido por sus rasgos funcionales (Baldwin & Bradfield 2007, Fenton et al. 2015). Los bosques pantanosos son humedales, en los que su fisonomía está determinada por la presencia de especies arbóreas y arbustivas, que crecen sobre suelos generalmente inundados por agua y pobremente aireados (Ramírez et al. 1996, Correa-Araneda et al. 2011). En Chile, se ha descrito la existencia de bosques pantanosos desde la región de Coquimbo hasta la de Magallanes (Pisano 1977, Ramírez Notas sobre la variación de briófitas entre un bosque pantanoso de Amomyrtus luma y una pradera antropogénica húmeda de Juncus procerus Notes on the variation of bryophytes between a swamp forest dominated by Amomyrtus luma and an anthropogenic wet prairie of Juncus procerus