The epigenome regulates the gene expression of all differentiated cells and indicates which specific genes must be transcribed. It is argued that the expression factors that act on specific genes of the somatic cell involved in a behavior also act on the transcription of the same genes in the most undifferentiated cells of the germ line. It is proposed how a probabilistic view of the random mutation can explain the evolution of the phenotypes and integrate all the evidence pointing to a joint evolution with the environment.
The random to explain the emergence of variations in sequence of the alleles is the current scientific paradigm of evolutionary biology. Here is argued that external stimuli responsible of manifestation of an instinct together with transcription factors (TFs) involved are the main cause of emergence of such variations. Advances in epigenomics show that this molecular function plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression of all cells, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and indicates which specific genes should be transcribed and which should be translated. Under this context, the present work pretends evaluate the current evidence on the increase in mutation rate caused by transcription-associated mutational pressure in primordial germ cells due to presence of TFs also present in somatic cells involved in an instinct. In conclusion is established that adaptive evolution can understood as biological superposition of 4 functional states. This work that is added to the evolutionary theoretical framework contributes with an alternative causal understanding of adaptive evolution.
The random to explain the emergence of variations in sequence of the alleles is the current scientific 8 paradigm of evolutionary biology. Here is argued that external stimuli responsible of manifestation of an instinct 9 together with transcription factors (TFs) involved are the main cause of emergence of such variations. Advances in 10 epigenomics show that this molecular function plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression of all cells, 11 both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and indicates which specific genes should be transcribed and which should be 12 translated. Under this context, the present work pretends evaluate the current evidence on the increase in mutation rate 13 caused by transcription-associated mutational pressure in primordial germ cells due to presence of TFs also present in 14 somatic cells involved in an instinct. In conclusion is established that adaptive evolution can understood as biological 15 superposition of 4 functional states. This work that is added to the evolutionary theoretical framework contributes 16 with an alternative causal understanding of adaptive evolution. 17The relation between transcription-associated mutational pressure and TFs is really superposition of two functional 126 states: the stochastic and cellular, respectively. The other two superpositions correspond to the instinct inside of 127 structural-functional state and to the niche construction inside of ecological state. This approach explains robustness 128 of an adaptive system with their environment where perturbance caused by point mutations is restricted by 129 superposition of complex networks inside ecological state and such mutations are optimal only if cause the upgrade 130 in flow of energy and information 39 . This is where Dawkins's concepts on The Extended Phenotype 40 and The Selfish 131 Gene 41 take on special importance. 132The restriction by superposition of complex networks is also reason of why neutral mutations define the evolution of 133 genome, contrary to what happens at the organism level, where adaptive changes are strictly optimal and not neutral. 134A neutral mutation can change composition of genome but not affect superposition of networks. As result, evolution 135 rate of genome is higher than observed at the organism level 42 . 136Three axioms to address the origin of life 137In a biological sense: the entropy, number of probable configurations in space for a certain state, decreases as 138 complexity of networks increase. Likewise, the superposition decreases as robustness of networks increase. One of 139 questions that forces us to consider this way of see natural world is: how does information behave in universe and 140 what are laws that govern its activity? What is possible add to theory about flow of information is that increases when, 141 in a determinate space, superposition of complex networks does it, and that information to be decode, encode and 142 recode in function of the stimuli perceived by organism must travel in packages constituted of elementary infor...
If the environmental conditions can or not influence in the phenotype evolution, is a topic that has been discussed during the last ten years. The epigenome regulates the gene expression of all cells and indicates which specific genes must be transcribed. It is argued that the expression factors that act in specific genes of the somatic cells involved in a behavior also act in the partial transcription of the same genes in the most undifferentiated cells of the germ line. The functional role of the isochores as an epigenetic determinant regulator of the transcription and therefore of gene expression levels is discussed. It is proposed how a probabilistic view of the random mutation can integrate all the evidence pointing to a conjunct phenotype evolution with the environment. This work provides a new point of view on how the environment can influence in adaptation through natural selection considering the theory currently accepted.
The random to explain the emergence of variations in sequence of the alleles is the current scientific paradigm of evolutionary biology. Here is argued that external stimuli responsible of manifestation of an instinct together with transcription factors (TFs) involved are the main cause of emergence of such variations. Advances in epigenomics show that this molecular function plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression of all cells, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and indicates which specific genes should be transcribed and which should be translated. Under this context, the present work pretends evaluate the current evidence on the increase in mutation rate caused by transcription-associated mutational pressure in primordial germ cells due to presence of TFs also present in somatic cells involved in an instinct. In conclusion is established that adaptive evolution can understood as biological superposition of 4 functional states. This work that is added to the evolutionary theoretical framework contributes with an alternative causal understanding of adaptive evolution.
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