En un momento en que se vuelven a apreciar los techos abovedados se considera relevante conocer los progresos de un sistema estructural como las bóvedas latericias que parecían relegadas a la tradición constructiva y que, sin embargo, en los últimos tiempos han alcanzado importantes niveles de industrialización y buenas prestaciones técnicas para competir con los techos planos.La evolución de las bóvedas de ladrillo cerámico ha recorrido un portentoso viaje de ida y vuelta: desde el Mediterráneo hasta América y vuelta a Europa. Su avance a través de los siglos fue mejorando su velocidad constructiva, su configuración formal, su ligereza o su capacidad para cubrir luces cada vez mayores. En distintas épocas los conocimientos sobre las bóvedas tabicadas partieron desde Cataluña cruzando el Atlántico hasta Estados Unidos, Cuba, Colombia, Argentina, Uruguay, México y Brasil. En estos países las bóvedas cerámicas se fueron adaptando a sus circunstancias locales para volver en los años 90 a su lugar de origen perfeccionadas por las experiencias americanas que habían trabajado en dos líneas nuevas: las bóvedas armadas y las bóvedas prefabricadas. Las obras en España de Clemente + de la Hoz, Churtichaga + Quadra Salcedo o Vicente Sarrablo han aprovechado y destilado todos esos adelantos. Now that vaulted ceilings are again appreciated, it is relevant to know the progress of a structural system such as the vaults that appeared to be relegated to the constructive tradition and that, however, in recent times have reached important levels of industrialization and good technical features that allow them to compete with flat roofs.The evolution of ceramic vaults has gone through a portentous round trip: from the Mediterranean to America and back to Europe. Its progress through the centuries has improved its constructive speed, its formal configuration, its lightness or its capacity to bridge bigger spans.
The work presented here aims to demonstrate the technical, architectural, and energy viability of solar thermal collectors made with ceramic materials and their suitability for domestic hot water (DHW) and building heating systems in the Mediterranean climate. The proposal is for the design of a ceramic shell, formed by collector and non-collecting panels, which forms part of the building system itself, and is capable of responding to the basic requirements of a building envelope and harnessing solar energy. Ceramics considerably reduce the final cost of the collector system and offer the new system a variety of compositional and chromatic finishes, occupying the entire building surface and achieving a high degree of architectural integration, although less energy-efficient compared to a conventional metallic collector.
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