Analysis techniques study the trade-offs in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using mathematical results. This is a new research area and relatively few analytical results exist in the literature. In this paper, we conduct a survey of some existing analysis techniques for WSNs and classify them to establish possible taxonomies for analysis techniques. Such a taxonomy for analysis techniques is especially helpful when developing an analysis-based design tool. We have developed such a tool, ANDES (ANalysis-based Design tool for wireless Sensor networks), which we describe briefly in this paper. We also discuss how tools like ANDES can benefit from a taxonomy for analysis techniques.
The Transmembrane BAX Inhibitor Motif (TMBIM) protein family consists of six evolutionarily conserved hydrophobic proteins that affect programmed cell death and the regulation of intracellular calcium levels. The bacterial orthologue BsYetJ is a pH-dependent calcium channel. We here identified six TMBIM family members in Drosophila melanogaster and studied the effect of their RNAi-mediated knockdown using ubiquitous and tissue-specific drivers. Mammalian TMBIM6 and TMBIM5 have obvious orthologs while this is more dubious for the other family members. Ubiquitous knockdown of family members dmTMBIM1,4,5, and 6 caused failed eclosing and tissue-specific knockdown resulted in a dramatically decreased lifespan. On the contrary, knockdown of dmTMBIM3, surprisingly, extended lifespan. Only knockdown of dmTMBIM6 increased the ER calcium levels of Pdf neurons. Neural knockdown of dmTMBIM2,3, and 4 increased ER stress, as indicated by increased Xbp1 splicing. Interestingly, TMBIM1 and TMBIM6 have a very similar expression pattern and their knockdown phenocopied each other. Also, knockdown of TMBIM1 resulted in upregulation of TMBIM6 and vice versa further suggesting a genetic interaction between these two genes. Our data demonstrate that most TMBIM proteins are essential for fly development and survival but, despite their shared protein structure, affect cell survival through different mechanisms.
Many emerging applications are deployed in harsh environments and must operate dependably, efficiently and in real-time. This makes it essential to develop robust system designs before deployment. Thus, there is a tremendous need for a complete design suite for deeply embedded cyber physical systems that will enable the designers to model these systems to the desired level of abstraction, analyze the models and validate them. The main challenges involved in the design process are due to the complex interactions between communication, computing and the physical components in cyber physical systems. We discuss the problems faced in developing such a design suite and possible solutions to overcome them.Deeply embedded cyber physical systems are complex system of systems which are deployed in real-world environments. Advances in this area have enabled a variety of new application domains to be identified and applications in a wide range of fields have become a reality using this technology. Many emerging applications such as those concerned with military surveillance, rescue squads, fire alarm systems or other safety-critical systems must operate dependably, efficiently and in real-time in harsh environments. Therefore, properly designing these systems before deployment is crucial. Since cyber physical systems (CPSs) consist of complex interactions between communication, computing and the physical components, the design process involves resolving trade-offs between many competing objectives.Currently, there are few tools for modeling and analyzing large-scale deeply embedded systems to guide the designers. However, these tools are isolated efforts which cater to specific problems in designing the system or are geared for certain applications. Therefore, there is a tremendous need for a complete design suite for deeply embedded CPSs, which will be used for modeling, analysis and validation throughout the lifecycle of the system. This suite will provide facilities to model any application for deeply embedded systems and estimate the system performance using mathematical analyses. Moreover, it will address all the major issues that are crucial for the designers, such as lifetime, real-time, security, coverage and reliability.We envision the following issues that need to be addressed to develop a complete design suite for deeply embedded CPSs. 1) Modeling the system: One of the major challenges in modeling and analyzing deeply embedded systems is that there is a close interaction between the communication and the computation component. Hence, modeling deeply embedded CPSs can be viewed as a two-level process: modeling the network and modeling the sensor nodes.• Network/Communication Level Modeling: The concept of radio range and communication range in wireless networks, which is an integral part of the communication component in deeply embedded systems, does not go well with the idea of a bus, which is widely used in wired systems and is supported by many modeling languages. The design suite must provide support to model...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.