Most solar module manufacturers guarantee the minimum performance of their modules for 20 to 25 years. But some time after their installation, one observes faults which appear on the various components of these modules. During long-term exposure to severe climatic conditions, these faults, which accumulate over time, lead to performance losses of the module. This performance degradation is due to several factors such as humidity, temperature, heat, irradiation etc. These factors cause various degradation processes which can be electrical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, etc. The tropical zone, the middle of our study being characterized by high heat and humidity, has definite impacts on the electrical parameters of photovoltaic modules. The electrical parameters degradation is among others cause of photovoltaic modules performance loss. This study purpose is to study the degradation of the shunt resistance, the series resistance and the form factor of photovoltaic modules installed in tropical areas in order to appreciate their impact on the performance loss of the latter. For that, we used Peck performance degradation analytical model and Braisaz degradation analytical models of shunt resistance and the series resistance to calculate over a period of forty years, in real conditions in the tropical environment, the degradation of these electrical parameters of the photovoltaic module. The results obtained are compared to those obtained during the Hulkoff experimental tests in the state of Miami in Florida in 2009. The degradation rates obtained in the six cities concerned by the study vary between 17.33-35.67% for resistance shunt, between 3.77-7.55% for the series resistance and between 8-19% for the fill factor. In addition, these electrical parameters degradation rates obtained experimentally by Hulkoff and taken up by [1], are respectively 35.14% for the shunt resistor, 9.43% for the series resistor and 3.03% for the fill factor over the study period. So, future researches on crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar module can be effect of Damp-Heat on short circuit current and open circuit voltage in tropical area.
Photovoltaic solar modules, for their operation are necessarily exposed outdoors and subject to the inclinations of nature. These include: temperature, heat, moisture, wind, dust, sun ultraviolet rays etc. Each of these inclinations acts differently on the PV modules operation, contributing to affect its electrical parameters namely the short circuit current, the open circuit voltage, the form factor, the efficiency, the power etc. Several researchers have studied the behavior of these electrical parameters in different climatic zones around the world and have produced diverse results. The present study concerns the behavior of the module electrical parameters namely the short circuit current, the open circuit voltage and the efficiency of the PV module when exposed to outdoor conditions in the tropical zone under the effect of Damp Heat. For this, we simulated over a period of forty years, using the analytical degradation models of Peck, Braisaz and calculation methods from which we established new degradation models. These degradation models being a function of relative humidity and temperature, we used data from synoptic stations to see the impact of Damp Heat on the three electrical parameters involved. The results obtained vary from 2.86 - 7.14% for the short circuit current, 0.43-0.66% for the open circuit voltage and 7.75-19.44% for the efficiency over the study period. To validate the analytical models used, we used the experimental Damp Heat test results. The results obtained to compare with those obtained in the literature are conclusive and reveal the impact of the tropical zone (severe climatic conditions) on the electrical parameters of the module studied. So, future researches on crystalline silicon photovoltaic solar module can be effect of Damp-Heat on the photocurrent, saturation current and ideality factor in tropical zone.
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