Background Agriculture produces food for billions of humans and creates livelihoods for farmers. However, the current food production systems, driven by the increasing food demand and the ever-growing human population, are undermining ecological resources, primarily those related to biodiversity. Accordingly, agricultural production in tropical rainforest countries has been a trade-off, as regions harbor high biodiversity while also being pressured by agricultural land expansion. Consequently, threats to biodiversity are inevitable and will likely affect the ecosystem service provisions necessary for the agricultural process. Presently, no study reviews and maps the evidence of relationships between biodiversity and agriculture in the tropical rainforest landscape. Therefore, such a study is necessary to identify the knowledge gaps and provide scientific evidence to the relevant policymakers for safeguarding biodiversity within agricultural policies. This study aims to collect available published literature that evaluates the relations of agricultural production and biodiversity. We will focus on the agriculture and priority crops in the countries producing the commodities situated in the tropical rainforest landscape. Methods Generic search terms derived from research question elements will be used to search relevant articles. These terms are in English, and the searches will encompass global tropical rainforest countries. Peer-reviewed and gray literature articles retrieved from search engines and databases will be screened first using the title and abstract and second at the full-text level. The latter screening process will involve data coding to retrieve relevant characteristics from each eligible study and finally collate these characteristics into an evidence map, which will provide a current state of knowledge and further support evidence-informed policy formulation. The map presentation in the final report will also be complemented by a narrative synthesis explaining the trends, pinpointing the knowledge gluts and gaps, serving relevant information, and searchable databases for associated stakeholders.
Research on carbon uptake and stock potency in Tunda Island mangrove ecosystem was conducted from April to June 2016. The aims of the present study were to analyze carbon stock and uptake, identify the mangrove species most able to take up and store carbon, and estimate the carbon price of Tunda Island mangrove ecosystem. Transects were established at six stations, representative of the southern and eastern areas of mangrove vegetation in Tunda Island. Results show that the biomass of Tunda Island mangrove ecosystem was 196.76 ton/ha, the carbon stock was 91.48 ton/ha, and carbon uptake was 335.06 ton/ha. At the tree and sapling level, the greatest carbon stock and uptake value was found in Excoecaria agallocha species with 107.47 ton/ha and 392.23 ton/ha, respectively. Tunda Island mangrove ecosystem has an estimated total carbon price of Rp. 88,690,382–Rp. 221,725,955 per hectare.
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