New data are presented on the taxonomy, ecology, and distribution of harpacticoid copepods belonging to the families Parastenocarididae, Canthocamptidae, and Phyllognathopodidae, all of them from continental fresh water in the Philippines. Parastenocaris mangyans, new species, has been collected in superficial and deep phreatic waters of Oriental Mindoro. Its taxonomy has been studied using scanning electron microscopy. The species is characterized by a hyaline integumental window on the ventral genital somite of the female. It differs from other Asiatic species of Parastenocaris in the morphology of P4 of the male, which is more similar to the corresponding appendage of species belonging to the proserpina species group. Parastenocaris mangyans is the first species of this family to be collected in the Philippines. Epactophanes philippinus, new species, has been collected in the phreatic waters of a river on Cebu Island. The characteristic features of this new species are primarily the morphology and ornamentation of the mandibular palp in both sexes and of P3 in the male, subordinately the ornamentation of P2-P4 in the female and of P4 in the male. Phyllognathopus bassoti has been redescribed on the basis of new material collected from fresh and brackish water wells in Bantayan Island, thus broadening the distribution and the ecology of the species, which had been previously collected only in a lake in Papua New Guinea. The genus Phyllonathopus seems to be very adaptable and euryoccious; it is well distributed in any aquatic habitat and in leaf-litter on all continents and several oceanic archipelagos.
Parastenocaris lorenzae n .sp . is described from rhithrostygal of the Sangro river (Abruzzo, Central Italy) . Parastenocaris glacialis Noodt, 1952 is for the first time recorded from Italy . The presence of borealpine elements in ground waters of Central Apennines is briefly discussed .
A new species of interstitial Ancoraboliclae, Paralaophontodes elegans n. sp. from the Philippine Islands (Mindoro Island) is described. The new species is particularly characterized by the dorsal ornamentation of cephalothorax and the presence of residual enclopoclite on female P3. Some morphological characters concerning the new and known species suggested some remarks on the diagnosis of the genus Paralaophontodes.A new species of the genus Paralaophontodes Lang (Ancorabolidae Sars, Lang: Laophontidinae Lang) collected in interstitial waters of Mindoro Island, is described and discussed in this paper. Some remarks on the systematics and biogeography of the poorly known genus Paralaophontodes are also given.Research carried out with the support of the 'Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche' contract n° 0989420, 'Gruppo eli Biologia naturalistica'. Paralaophontodes elegans n. sp.
(Figs l-3)Material: I c,2 collected on !7.IV.l984 (Vezio Cottarelli leg.) according to the method suggested by Karaman-Chappuis on the "La Laguna" beach, near Sabang-Village (The Philippines, Mindoro Island, Oriental Province). Holotype: The same female prepared in polyvinyl-lactophenole, on a slide marked as P. elegans ht. The specimen is parr of the Author's collection, in the Zoological Museum of the Department of Animal and Human Biology, "La Sapienza" University, Rome.Description. Habitus (Fig. 1-A): length, from the apex of rostrum to the distal margin of the anal operculum, 0.53 mm. Cephalothorax laterally running out into two triangular processes, the anterior one without seta but the posterior with a thin-little seta. Dorsal surface with a complicated system of ridges, a set of setae in the middle part, and posteriorly running out into two couples of recurved processes furnished with a little seta. Thoracic somites laterally more or less triangularly produced with a small seta. Each somite posteriorly with two recurved dorsal processes, each process with a small seta. Somites 2-4 also having in the
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