The non-development of the concept of patient knowledge empowerment for disease self-management and the non-development of the theory of patient knowledge empowerment in patients with chronic diseases, cause methodological inconsistency of patient empowerment theory and does not provide a methodological basis to present patient knowledge empowerment preconditions. Therefore, the aim of the present integrative review was to synthesize and critically analyze the patient knowledge enablers distinguished in the public health management theory, the knowledge sharing enablers presented in the knowledge management theory and to integrate them by providing a comprehensive framework of patient knowledge enablers. To implement the purpose of the study, in answering the study question of what patient knowledge empowerments are and across which levels of patient knowledge empowerment they operate, an integrative review approach was applied as proposed by Cronin and George. A screening process resulted in a final sample of 78 papers published in open access, peer-review journals in the fields of public health management and knowledge management theories. Based on the results of the study, the Enablers of Patient Knowledge Empowerment for Self-Management of Chronic Disease Framework was created. It revealed that it is important to look at patient knowledge empowerment as a pathway across the empowerment levels through which both knowledge enablers identified in public health management theory and knowledge sharing enablers singled out in knowledge management theory operate. The integration of these two perspectives across patient empowerment levels uncovers a holistic framework for patient knowledge empowerment.

This paper is a comprehensive review of the entrepreneurial learning literature and its engagement with the material aspects of entrepreneurship, as part of the "material turn" in the social sciences. Drawing on actor-network theory, we construct a classificatory scheme and an evaluative matrix to find that this field is dominated by an anthropocentric bias and cognitivist approaches which largely ignore issues of materiality in entrepreneurship. However we also identify some heterogeneous network-based conceptualisations of entrepreneurial learning which could provide the foundations for more materially aware approaches. We conclude by calling for a material turn in entrepreneurial learning and outline some possible avenues for it.

Patient empowerment is an indispensable precondition for patients to self-manage their disease. The article takes the position that patients are empowered for disease self-management through patient knowledge empowerment when sharing knowledge. One of the most important instruments to successfully empower a patient to manage a chronic disease and maintain social relations, which are also a precondition for the prevention of chronic illnesses, is the possibility to access online health communities (OHCs) and participate in them. The aim of the article is to model possible development scenarios of OHCs as enablers of patient knowledge in relation to other digital health technologies (DHTs). A foresight methodology was used to achieve the goal, employing a technology scanning approach after selecting 10 foresight studies, which resulted in four future scenario models for the empowerment of patients wcith chronic diseases through digital health communities. They reveal options for the future interoperability of OHCs with other DHTs and highlight their importance and significance for the healthcare system as a technology for balancing patient self-efficacy and social relations as well as the need to maintain and develop them.

Sveikata 4.0 revoliucijos kontekste kuriamos ir diegiamos pažangiausios sveikatos priežiūros technologijos, o pasaulinė pandemija dar labiau išryškino virtualaus bendravimo ir žinių dalinimosi socialiniuose tinkluose reikšmę tiek pacientams, tiek sveikatos priežiūros sistemoms. Šių dviejų transformuojančių pokyčių sandūroje fizinį sveikatos priežiūros specialistų ir pacientų bendravimą kaip pagrindinę lėtinių ligų stebėjimo ir valdymo formą keičia sąveika per skaitmenines sveikatos technologijas. Įvairiais tyrimais pagrįsta, kad socialiniai santykiai sukuria teigiamą efektą, ypač vykdant lėtinių ligų prevenciją ir gydant jas. Numatoma, kad artimiausius penkerius metus sveikatos priežiūros modelis dar toliau nukryps nuo čia ir dabar sveikatos priežiūros valdymo ir koncentruosis į tęstinį sveikatos priežiūros procesą, pagrįstą technologijomis. Fizinį sveikatos priežiūros specialistų ir pacientų bendravimą pakeis skaitmeninės sveikatos technologijos – pacientų bendravimas naudojant programėlę ir pacientų stebėjimas bei diagnostika nuotoliniu būdu. Internetinių lėtinėmis ligomis sergančių pacientų bendruomenių reikšmė ta, kad palaikydamos socialinius santykius jos suteikia prieinamą būdą dalintis turimomis žiniomis ir taip kurti naujas žinias. Tokiu būdu žinios „auginamos“ ir didina pacientų galimybes adekvačiai savipriežiūrai kasdieniame gyvenime. Kas būdinga pacientų įgalinimui? Kokie yra pacientų žinių įgalintojai? Kokie yra lėtinėmis ligomis sergančių pacientų vaidmenys ir jų žinių dalinimosi elgsenos bruožai internetinėse sveikatos bendruomenėse? Kokia tikėtina skaitmeninių sveikatos technologijų ateitis ir kokie iššūkiai kyla suinteresuotiems skaitmenine sveikata? Šie ir daugelis kitų klausimų aptariami dr. Vestinos Vainauskienės ir dr. Rimgailės Vaitkienės parengtoje mokslo monografijoje „Pacientų žinių įgalinimas internetinėse sveikatos bendruomenėse“. Autorių mokslinės įžvalgos bus vertingos vadybos, visuomenės sveikatos specialistams, sveikatos politikos formuotojams, sveikatos technologijas kuriantiems ir vystantiems startuoliams. Monografija kaip mokslinių žinių šaltinis taip pat skirta vadybos ir visuomenės sveikatos magistrantūros ir doktorantūros studijoms.

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Purpose of the article. Scientific research implies that current tectonic shifts, taking place in the external environment, have been reforming the consumer market. In the context of these tendencies, the knowledge seeded in consumer’s consciousness keeps fluctuating in the direction hard to identify. The article investigates the problem of how the dynamicity of consumer knowledge manifests itself. Scientific aim: The present paper aims at suggesting guidelines for constructing an open structure of consumer knowledge. Findings. In grounding the object of the current article, theoretical investigation has been carried out to reveal that consumer knowledge dynamicity is the change of product-related information and subjective experiences, stored in consumer’s long-term memory and allowing the consumer to make purchasing decisions. It manifests through certain structural parts of knowledge, open to the external environment change and interrelated, dealing with product terminology and attributes, with the evaluation of those attributes and the ways of usage as well as facts about the brand. Those structural parts are influenced by marketing activities of an organization, by macro-environment factors, by consumer characteristics, and by changes in purchasing decision making. The present article introduces the case of Lithuanian beauty and personal care mass product industry. Conclusions. The overview and analysis of qualitative research results have revealed the following path of the open consumer knowledge structure formation. Consumer’s knowledge about a product is built when the consumer has certain knowledge on product terminology and on product usage ways. The knowledge of product terminology and usage, then, determines the creation of knowledge on product attributes evaluation. The latter knowledge category builds synergy in the interaction with product attributes which, consequently, influence brand facts.