Diabetes mellitus appears to reduce an individual's ability to work in comparison to patients with hypertension. There is a need to set up a diabetes mellitus prevention program and to develop and implement effective targeted intervention to help workers to manage their disease better.
Ispitivanje stresora i uticaja stresa na zdravlje i radnu sposobnost kod električara koji rade na radnim mestima sa posebnim rizikom po zdravlje je veoma značajno. Cilj rada: Ispitivanje uticaja profesionalnog stresa na radnu sposobnost električara. Metode: Istraživanje je dizajnirano kao studija preseka i njime je obuhvaćeno 108 ispitanika, koji su svrstani u dve grupe: električari (52) i kontrolna grupa (56) koju čine adminstrativni radnici. U istraživanju su korišćeni: Upitnik o osnovnim sociodemografskim pokazateljima ispitanika, IRS Questionnaire, Work Ability Index (WAI) Questionnaire, General Health Questionnsire (GHQ), Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) i Upitnik o stresorima na radnom mestu. Analiza podataka vršena je u SPSS programu. Rezultati: Učestalost različitih kategorija WAI skora je ujednačena između ispitivanih grupa (p=0,155). Radna sposobnost je loša kod 11,5%, dobra kod 25%, veoma dobra kod 26,90% i izvrsna kod 36,5% električara. Učestalost različitih kategorija WAI skora je ujednačena između ispitivanih grupa (p=0,155). Analizirajući sve komponente IRS skora utvrđeno je da između električara i kontrolne grupe postoji statistički značajna razlika u komponentama: zahtevi (p<0,001) i radna uloga (p<0,001); GHQ je viša kod električara, ali nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika (p=0,082); CBI je statistički značajno veći kod električara (p<0,001) i vrednosti WAI skora su statistički značajno veće kod električara (p=0,039). U celokupnoj populaciji je rangirano 10 najjačih stresora i pokazano je da postoji statistički značajna razlika u svim stresorima (p<0,001) između električara i kontrolne grupe. Vrednosti stresora su ujednačene u odnosu na kategorije WAI skora. Kod električara najjači stresori su: noćni rad (4,60), suočavanje sa opasnostima (4,58), smenski rad (4,54), prekovremeni rad (4,46), vremensko ograničenje za pojedinačne zadatke (4,44), strah od povrede (4,42), pritisak vremenskih rokova za izvršenje zadataka (4,23), preopterećenost poslom (4,22), neadekvatan radni prostor (4,18) i svakodnevne nepredviđene situacije (4,10). Prosečna vrednost svih stresora kod električara je 2,87±1,10 (Min 1,10, Max 4,60). U ispitivanoj populaciji 14 različitih stresora imaju veće vrednosti od prosečne vrednosti svih stresora. U kontrolnoj grupi prosečna vrednost svih stresora iznosi 1,84±0,33 (Min 1,17, Max 2,69). Korelaciona analiza je pokazala da postoji povezanost starosti sa smenskim radom (r=0,130, p=0,013) i sa prekovremenim radom (r=-0,220, p<0.001). URS je statistički značajno povezan sa vremenskim ograničenjem za pojedinačne zadatke (r=0,149, p=0,005) i pritiskom vremenskih rokova za izvršenje zadataka (r=0,125, p=0,017). ERS je statistički značajno direktno povezan sa noćnim radom (r=0,169, p=0,001), smenskim radom (r=0,160, p=0,002), vremenskim ograničenjem za izvršenje zadataka (r=0,203, p<0,001), pritiskom vremenskih rokova za izvršenje zadataka (r=0,194, p<0,001), preopterećenošću poslom (r=0,128, p=0,017), neadekvatnim radnim prostorom (r=0,122, p=0,022). Subjektivna procena radne sp...
Speech is a way of communication formed by rhythmic units of syllables, words and sentences, and as such is inherent in man, the only being whose organs and psyche are trained for this process. Delayed speech is defined as a phenomenon in which a child does not start speaking on time, or there are errors in the speech pattern that are not appropriate in relation to a given age. It is known that significant risk factors for the development of delayed speech in preschool children are physical, and most often social and emotional in nature. For the normal development of speech, it is necessary that the child is in a human environment, and therefore the circle of people with whom children come into contact should always be expanded. The aim of this study is to review the existing literature on studies examining the impact of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on preschool children, as well as the speech and language development in preschool children. The recent pandemic of corona virus infection (COVID-19) has led to a state of emergency, quarantine, closure of public institutions, and preschools, kindergartens and schools in 172 countries. These epidemiological measures have led to social isolation and the need for children to learn from home, which has manifested itself in the emergence of difficulties in the development of speech and language. Research has shown that during the pandemic, children spent significantly more time watching television and computer screens than before pandemic, and less in play and physical activity.
Objective. Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are chronic, mass non-communicable diseases that are global health problems with characteristics of epidemiology where complications of these diseases are the common reason for visual handicap and disability in the work productive population. The primary aim of this paper was to analyze the frequency of visual dysfunction, and behavioral habits in diabetic and hypertensive patients and the second aim was to analyze the occurrence of work disability in patients with these diseases. Methods. The research is a cross-sectional study made in two Health Centers in the City of Eastern Sarajevo in a period of July 2018 to July 2019 (12 months). 192 patients with diabetes and 100 patients with hypertension were selected using the random sampling method. A special questionnaire was created for this purpose, and statistic analysis was made by SPSS (IBM, Chicago version 19). Statistical significance was tested with ch2 test. Results. Diabetic patients significantly have more visual disturbances than hypertensive patients according to subjective assessment (ch2=14.21, p< 0.001). Worsening of visual acuity is presented more in diabetic than in hypertensive patients (ch2=6.17, p<0.001). There is no significant difference in behavioral habits between diabetic and hypertensive patients for smoking (ch2=1.778, p=0.411) and alcohol consumption.( ch2=2.158, p=0.142). Patients with diabetes are more frequent in the status of work disability than those with hypertension (ch2=13,46, p<0,001). Conclusion. Mass non-communicable diseases are a common cause of visual dysfunction. Diabetes mellitus is the main reason for visual disability in the adult population from the region of Eastern Sarajevo. Behavioral habits like smoking and alcohol consumption have a serious impact on the prognosis of those patients.
_______ 15 Сажетак Увод. Кардиоваскуларна обољења су најчешћи узрок морбидитета савремене популације и испитивање квалитета живота код ових болесника је веома значајно. Циљ рада овог истраживања је испитивање утицаја старости, пола и животних навика на квалитет живота болесника са инфарктом миокарда. Метод рада. У циљу процене утицаја АИМ на квалитет живота болесника спроведено је ретроспективно-проспективно истраживање, дизајнирано као студија пресека. У истраживању су коришћени: Социодемографски упитник; Упитник за процену здравственог стања, о животним навикама, коморбидитетима и карактеристикама тегоба оболелих и Health Survey-SF-36. Статистичка анализа података је урађена помоћу SPSS софтверског статистичког програма. Резултати. Студијом је обухваћено 175 испитаника са просечном старошћу испитаника од 53,12 година и то 113 (64,6%) мушкараца и 62 (35,4%) жене. Од укупног броја испитаника са акутним инфарктом миокарда 56% редовно спроводи хигијенско дијететски режим исхране, а између две старосне групе испитаника уочена је висока статистички значајна разлика (χ2=37,246; p=0,001) када је у питању спровођење хигијенско дијететског режима, при чему млађи Summary Introduction. Cardiovascular disease are the most common cause of morbidity of the modern population and the quality of life of these patients is very significant. Objective of this research is to examine the influence of age, sex and life habits on the quality of life of patients with myocardial infarction. Methods. In order to assess the impact of AMI on the quality of life of patients, a retrospective study was conducted that was designed as a cross-sectional test, while the following where used: Sociodemographic questionnaire; A questionnaire for the assessment of health status, lifestyle habits, comorbidity and disease characteristics of the diseased and Health Surveiy-SF-36. Statistical data analysis was performed using the statistical software program SPSS. Results. The study covered 175 respondents with an average age of subjects 53.12 years, 113 (64.6%) men and 62 (35.4%) women. Of the total number of respondents with acute myocardial infarction, 56% regularly performed a hygienic diet, and between the two age groups of subjects, a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 37.246; p = 0.001) was observed in the application of hygienic Nutrition Regulations, respondents significantly more often (32.6%) compared to older respondents (23.4%) regularly apply hygiene measures for nutrition. When comparing sex,
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