The concept of proper nutrition implies meeting the needs of the body concerning daily energy intake and a sufficient amount of nutrients and protective substances necessary to maintain the physiological functions of the body and its health. Nutrients are divided into macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Accelerated growth and development during adolescence increase nutrient requirements. Therefore, energy and nutrition requirements must meet the needs of adolescents. During their growth and development, there is an increased need for vitamins and minerals, especially for calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin D. During intensive growth, adolescents require more vitamins, especially B-complex vitamins and vitamin C, the intake of calcium and phosphorus is necessary as well, and the insufficient needs for proteins affect the development of muscles and energy levels. Proper nutrition and eating habits during the period of growth are of the utmost importance for the appropriate physical, psychosocial and cognitive growth and development of a child. Eating disorders usually occur as a result of low or high energy intake, and the most common types of these disorders are anemia, anorexia and bulimia, obesity and comorbidities, and poor eating habits. When it comes to the implementation of various programs concerning the prevention of bad eating habits and eating disorders, the school management, expert teams and student parents should bear the overall responsibility. Once or twice a year, preventive check-ups and BMI measurements are recommended to identify eating disorders.
Introduction.According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), mental illnesses are on the rise. The World Health Report estimates that today about 1 billion people suffer from mental and behavioral disorders or psychosocial problems such as those related to alcohol and drug abuse. Stigmatization of the mentally ill is one of the burning social problems of those people, and the attitudes and behavior of nurses/technicians significantly affect the self-stigmatization of patients, and thus their condition and recovery. The main aim of this study was to assess attitudes of nurses and nursing students towards patients with mental illnesses.Method. The research conducted is a cross-sectional study. The study covered two countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. In June and July 2018, 200 nurses and nursing students from the second to the fourth year of study were surveyed. Data were collected with original anonymous questionnaires, which was made for the purpose of this research.Results. Seventy percent of nurses believe that people with mental illness are discriminated against in our society, while there are statistically significant differences between respondents in relation to demographic characteristics (χ2 = 10.217; p = 0.037). Nurses working in psychiatric wards show a lower level of stigmatization compared to nurses working in other wards (χ2 = 25.553; p = 0.001). Nursing students have more negative attitudes towards mentally ill people compared to nurses (χ2 = 13.471; p = 0.009). Nurses from Serbia show a higher level of tolerance towards people with mental disabilities compared to nurses from Bosnia and Herzegovina (χ2 = 16.115; p = 0.003). Conclusion.The results of the research show that stigmatization of patients with mental illness still exists among health professionals. Undergraduate and continuing medical education of nurses should include more content related to access to the patient with mental disorders, communication skills in psychiatry, mental health promotion and prevention of stigmatization.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health problem. It is a complex illness which affects on the medical, psychological and social aspects of life. The aims of this research were to determine the subjective sense quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus, to determine whether or not there are differences in the quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus compared to sex, age and place of residence, as well as to determine factors the quality of life of patients with DM. Material and methods: The study was conducted as a crosssectional study of the population of persons with (DM). The sample consisted of 100 respondents, who in the observed period were treated at the Department of Internal Medicine of the University Hospital in Foča. A combined questionnaire consisting of 40 questions was used. The questions in the questionnaire were related to socio-demographic characteristics, hobbies, support of family and friends of patients, eating habits, as well as the presence of comorbidities. The HolmesRahe Stress Scale and the Subjective Assessment of Well-Being Scale (SVB Life Satisfaction Scale) were also included in the questionnaire. Results: Among the respondents there were 48 (48%) men and 52 (52%) women. Respondents rated their satisfaction with the quality of life, with an average score of 6.68 ± 1.72. Younger respondents have significantly better quality of life (7.09 ± 1.91) compared to the older group of subjects 6.35 ± 1.50. Also, respondents who living in the city are significantly satisfied with their quality of life (6.95 ± 1.80) compared to respondents who lives in the countryside (6.14 ± 1.45). Respondents with secondary education (30%) are significantly satisfied with their quality of life compared to respondents without primary school (13%), with elementary school (3%) or with higher education (12%). Conclusion: People with diabetes their own quality of life estimates with satisfactory grades.
Peptički ulkus predstavlja grupu ulceroznih bolesti gornjeg dijela gastrointestinalnog sistema, u čijem nastanku najznačajniju ulogu ima agresivno dejstvo hlorovodonične kiseline i pepsina na sluznicu ovog sistema. Dva najčešća uzročnika nastanka peptičkog ulkusa su eradikacija Helicobacter pylori i pretjerana upotreba nesteroidnih antiinflamatornih lijekova. U radu je prikazan bolesnik obolio od ulkusa duodenuma liječen u Univerzitetskoj bolnici Foča na odjeljenju gastroenterologije. PRIKAZ BOLESNIKA: Pacijent svjestan, orijentisan, djeluje iscrpljeno, otežano diše, srednje uhranjen, afebrilan, acijanotičan, izražena opšta slabost i malaksalost, te nestabilnost pri hodu i vrtoglavice. Puls 100/min, TA 160/100mmHg. Tegobe su počele osjećanjem mučnine, a tri dana pred prijem je povratio taman sadržaj. Nakon toga je imao u par navrata tamnu stolicu. Tegobe su postajale sve izraženije, te je nakon uradjenih laboratorijskih analiza upućen u Univerzitetsku bolnicu u Foči. Navodi da je unazad 4-5 mjeseci pio dosta lijekova za bolove, zbog izraženosti bolova u kičmi (išijalgija). Prima lijekove za hipertenziju. Majka pacijenta je imala problema sa želucom, Negira postojanje alergije na hranu ili lijekove. Bolesnik nam je dao podatke da je nepušač i da povremeno konzumira alkohol. Prisutan je i hronični kašalj i iskašljavanje gustog šlajma, koji traju duži period. Nakon temeljno uzete anamneze, fizikalnog pregleda, nalaza ezofagogastroduodeno-skopije, gastroenterolog je postavio dijagnozu-Ulkus duodenuma. ZAKLJUČAK: Nakon završetka hopitalizacije fiziko i psihiko stanje pacijenta se značajno poboljšalo. Pacijent je iskazao zadovoljstvo kvalitetom zdravstvenih usluga, dobijenim informacijama, pruženom zdravstvenom njegom i tretmanom u hospitalnim uslovima. KLJUČNE RIJEČI: peptički ulkus, helicobacter pylori.
APSTRAKT UVOD: Zavisnost od interneta je tema o kojoj se dosta raspravlja u naučnim krugovima i medijima. Studenti provode mnogo vremena u aktivnostima vezanim za sadržaje na internetu, zanemaruju uobičajene aktivnosti poput druženja, poslovnih obaveza, učenja, kućnih poslova itd, i imaju poteškoće da prekinu internet aktivnosti, čak i kad sami prepoznaju da je vreme za to. CILJ: Cilj rada bio je istražiti internet zavisnosti kod studenata Zdravstvene nege, Medicinskog fakulteta Foča. MATERIJAL I METODE: Istraživanje je sprovedeno na Medicinskom fakultetu u Foči u periodu od 07.11. do 09.11.2016. godine sa studentima Zdravstvene nege. Izabrani dizajn studije je studija preseka. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 60 studenata, prve, druge i treće godine studija koji su u danima sprovođenja studije bili prisutni na nastavi i dobrovoljno pristali da učestvuju u istraživanju. REZILTATI: U istraživanju je učestvovalo 60 ispitanika od kojih je 21 muškarac (35 %) i 39 žena (65%), uzrasta od 18 do 24 godine. Svi naši ispitanici su korisnici Interneta.Najveći procenat ispitanika (66,7%) internet koristi od 2 do 4 sata. Najveći broj ispitanika prvi put pristupio je internetu sa 13 godina (21,7%). Najviše ispitanika koristi Facebook kao društvenu mrežu 56 (93,3%), dok je najmanje korisnika Twitera. ZAKLJUČAK: Svi naši ispitanici korisnici Interneta, a najveći procenat ispitanika (66,7%) Internet koristi od 2 do 4 sata. Najveći broj ispitanika prvi put pristupio je internetu sa 13 godina (21,7%).
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