Breast cancer metastatic to parotid gland is a very rare condition which tend to confer poor prognosis and challenging approaches. Oligometastatic breast cancer is usually defined as advanced breast cancer with less or equal than 5 metastatic lesions. We report a case of oligometastatic HER-2 breast cancer to parotid gland and lymph nodes which presented with left hemifacial swelling with erythema and enlargement of cervical and axillary lymph nodes. After 6 cycles of Docetaxel plus Trastuzumab the patient had complete response that was complemented with posterior surgical removal of primary tumor followed by radiotherapy directed to plastron, left supraclavicular and cervical drainage. The patient is still on Trastuzumab therapy and is free of disease in the last two years. We discuss the presentation and approach of a patient with metastatic breast cancer to parotid gland in the oligometastatic scenario.
This report describes a rare case of malignant extraosseous giant cell tumor (GCT). It refers to a patient with an initial diagnosis of a locally advanced malignant GCT of the uterus, with disease progression to lung and mediastinum seven months after the diagnosis, requiring first line treatment with chemotherapy. Extraosseous presentation of GCT with early distant dissemination is unusual and the role of systemic cytotoxic treatment remains unclear.
This study aims to report a rare case of mixed gonadal dysgenesis with mosaicism pattern 45 X0 / 46, X, +mar 1/ 46, X, +mar 2. Patient referred to the pediatric urology service with 2 months of age. Right after the baby was born it was not possible do determine the baby's gender. The karyotype was inconclusive: 45, X0. Contrast genitography and uretrocystogram showed a single perineal orifice below the micropenis and between the bifid scrotum, opacification of the bladder with male aspect urethra during urination and short penile urethra. There was also opacification of the posterior vaginal cavity with low junction to the posterior urethra and a linear opacity image suggesting uterine canal. Laparoscopy revealed bilateral gonadal bands and spermatic elements entering the inguinal canal. Müllerian derivatives were absent. Gonadal biopsy was performed and concluded that these were abnormal infantile testes. Microarray testing took a few months and resulted in: 45 X0 / 46, X, +mar 1/ 46, X, +mar 2. Patient was kept on topic androstenedione for 6 months and then underwent penoscrotal hypospadias correction. Mosaic chromosomal pattern is a rare condition that can present with a wide variety of phenotypes. Early recognition has important implications on these patients' social and psychological life and also for their proper management.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.