Studies have shown that alcohol is involved in 50 to 75% of all sexual coercion situations. Significant associations have been established between alcohol-use and sexual coercion perpetration and cognitive factors have been proposed to play an important role in this association. However, the current knowledge on the relationship between alcohol-use, cognitive factors, and sexual coercion perpetration is mostly based on male samples. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate gender differences associated with the role of alcohol-use and cognitive factors in sexual coercion perpetration. To do so, 742 participants (562 women, 180 men) completed an online questionnaire assessing (1) alcohol-use, (2) perpetration of sexual coercion, and (3) cognitions related to sexuality or alcohol (misperception of sexual intent, alcohol-related expectancies, alcohol-related rape myth acceptance [RMA]). Results revealed that (1) for both men and women, alcohol-use as well as cognitive variables allowed to discriminate perpetrators from non-perpetrators, (2) perpetrators, whether male or female, did not differ significantly on any of the risk factors, except for alcohol-related RMA, (3) a prediction model that considered cognitive variables, as well as alcohol-use significantly contributed to the explanation of both male and female sexual coercion, and (4) the prediction model explained three times the amount of variance in sexual coercion perpetrated by men compared to women. On the one hand, these results highlight similarities in risk factors towards sexual coercion perpetration for both men and women. Perpetrators, regardless of their gender, seem to exhibit similar alcohol-use, alcohol-related expectancies, and tendencies to misinterpret sexual intent, making these risk factors potential prevention and intervention targets for both genders. On the other hand, these results emphasize the need to break away from male-based sexual coercion explanatory models and consider other variables towards a better understanding of female sexual coercion perpetration.
Les violences sexuelles représentent un enjeu de société important alorsqu'environ 1 femme sur 3 déclare en avoir été victime. Il est primordial de s'intéresser aux facteurs qui contribuent a `la prévalence des violences sexuelles, incluant l'adhésion aux mythes du viol. Les « mythes du viol » réfèrent a `un ensemble de croyances erronées concernant les violences sexuelles. L'Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (IRMA) et ses variantes constituent les mesures les plus couramment utilisées pour l'évaluation de l'adhésion aux mythes du viol, mais aucune version française de l'IRMA n'est actuellement disponible. La présente étude a pour objectif de procéder a `la traduction systématique et a `la validation française de l'IRMA (McMahon & Farmer, 2011). Pour ce faire, une traduction de l'outil a d'abord été effectuée selon la procédure de rétrotraduction utilisée en recherche interculturelle (Brislin, 1970). Ensuite, 740 individus francophones âgés de 16 a `83 ans (M ϭ 23,54; É.-T. ϭ 8,02) ont rempli un questionnaire en ligne portant sur les comportements et les attitudes sexuels, incluant la version traduite de l'IRMA. Les résultats indiquent que la version française de l'Échelle révisée d'adhésion aux mythes du viol (FR-IRMA) présente de très bonnes qualités psychométriques et peut être utilisée aussi bien en recherche qu'en intervention auprès de populations francophones. Intérêt publicAfin de comprendre et de prévenir les violences sexuelles, il est primordial de s'intéresser aux croyances et aux attitudes qui contribuent au maintien de tels comportements, dont l'adhésion aux mythes du viol. Cet article a permis de valider la version française de l'Échelle révisée d'adhésion aux mythes du viol (FR-IRMA). Un tel outil s'avère particulièrement pertinent pour les chercheurs souhaitant étudier, chez une population francophone, les attitudes liées aux violences sexuelles ainsi que pour les intervenants oeuvrant sur l'élaboration et l'évaluation de l'efficacité de programmes de prévention des violences sexuelles.
Adolescent males comprise a significant number of youth in out-of-home care, yet our understanding of their past adverse experiences and current functioning remains relatively limited. The current study relied on data from the Assessment and Action Record—second Canadian version for a representative sample of 508 12- to 17-year-olds in out-of-home care across the province of Ontario (Canada). Findings indicated high rates of maltreatment (especially emotional abuse) as the primary reason for child welfare entry, with an elevated occurrence of multiple exposure to different types of maltreatment (71.6% of youth). Once in care, male youth appeared vulnerable to continuing adverse experiences, with 23.8% experiencing maltreatment (emotional abuse and neglect) and non-maltreatment adversity primarily in the form of school changes and suspensions. Results on current functioning suggested some relative strengths (e.g., developmental assets) but also challenges in the areas of substance use, mental health, caregiver relationship, and academic performance. Past emotional abuse and neglect, as well as greater maltreatment exposure, significantly predicted greater substance use, while greater past-year individual adversities (e.g., school changes and suspensions) predicted poorer academic performance. Findings point to the importance of child welfare’s continued monitoring of adolescent males’ safety and well-being across home and school settings, as well as the reliance on trauma-informed practices to address the multiple needs of male youth in out-of-home care. Our findings also highlight the importance of using data in child welfare practice to regularly assess the well-being of youth in out-of-home care for purposes of service planning and delivery.
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