This article analyzes the data on chemical decontamination methods dealing with radioactively contaminated surfaces. It considers the composition of solutions most commonly used for decontamination purposes. Numerical data are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of various decontamination methods. The paper considers an experiment on the decontamination of stainless steel samples with water following a cavitation treatment. The study reveals a dependence between the decontamination efficiency and the treatment time of the contaminated surface with a decontamination solution based on cavitation-activated water, which appears to be comparable with the results of the one involving an alkaline solution.
The rheological aspects of supercavitation flows in the flow part of technological equipment are considered. The description of the behavior of a cavitation spherical bubble in a liquid led to the formulation and solution of the boundary conjugation problem. It is shown that a cavitation spherical microbubble in its dynamics moves in a space structured by microturbulent vortices formed by the interference of rarefaction-compression waves resulting from the pulsation of cavitation microbubbles. As a result of the application of this model, the accuracy of calculating the supercavitation flow during the design of technological equipment for the treatment of heterogeneous media in the aquatic environment has increased
In the present review are analyzed the available data on various ways of decontamination of surfaces contamination. Special attention is paid to physical and chemical bases of process of a surface contamination and decontamination. The major factors defining the choice of a method of decontamination depending on character of a surface contamination are considered. The numerical data illustrating effectiveness of various ways of deactivation are submitted.
The results of hydrodynamic treatment of water in the supercavitation mode are presented. Changes in the physicochemical properties of water (electrical conductivity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), oxygen content (OCP), etc.) were revealed, the rational duration of cavitation treatment of water was established, and data on the relaxation of these properties were obtained. At the same time, there is an increase in temperature, pH and electrical conductivity, a decrease in ORP and CRC. The time range with the most intense changes in pH and ORP is 30–90 s. The rate of pH and ORP change in the range of 30–90 s is three and two times higher, respectively, than in the range of 90–300 s. These results correlate fairly well with the results of studies of the effect of ultrasound on water. It was found that the maximum pH value is reached under cavitation action for 180 s. The minimum value of ORP takes at 300 s of cavitation treatment, but remains in the area of positive values. It is shown that during the relaxation time, activated water after treatment for 200 min under the used modes of hydrodynamic cavitation treatment does not return to its original state in all measured parameters
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