Background: Modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age (15 -49 years) is a public health priority in Tanzania. The national prevalence remains unacceptably low as 32%. Shinyanga region is one among the regions with lowest contraceptive prevalence rate (21%) and high unmet need for family planning (23%). Understanding factors contributing to its use may help to improve maternal and child health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kishapu district of Shinyanga region: A total of 602 women aged 15 -49 years were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with use of modern contraceptives were estimated in multivariable logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 42.7%. Being employed (OR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.13 -5.18), formal educational level (OR 2.45, 95% CI: 1.38 -4.35), couples communication (OR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.74 -3.42) and availability of modern contraceptives (OR 1.94, 95% CI: 1.17 -3.20) were significantly associated with current use of modern contraceptives. Husband disapproval was frequently reported as barrier for modern contraceptives in the study area. Con-How to cite this paper: Martin, V., Msuya,

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