El transporte es vital para el desarrollo social y económico de las sociedades alrededor del mundo. Por lo tanto, se tiene que considerar que el transporte masivo ha incrementado a través del tiempo con el consumo discriminado de combustibles fósiles que han servido para suplir la demanda en el transporte. Existen impactos sociales y medio ambientales que tienen que ser evaluados junto con la demanda de energía en Ecuador. La misma que en 2012 equivalió a 46 millones de BEP, donde 73% fue consumida por vehículos de carga pesada y 32% por vehículos de carga liviana. Este patrón de consumo combinado con una flota de vehículos ineficiente y un subsidio discriminado resulto en un derroche excesivo de energía. La investigación se enfoca en el análisis de la situación del transporte en Ecuador, para identificar el desperdicio de energía, el medio ambiente, y las oportunidades de eficiencia energética en este sector.
This paper reports the current status of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the transport sector in Ecuador and possible mitigation scenarios to reduce them. In the first case, the emissions were quantified by using the IPCC methodology for National GHG Inventories which is based in the quantification of the oil products consumption (TIER 1). The emission estimations have revealed that nearly 33,400 kton CO 2 -Eq were emitted in 2012. The same year, road transport was identified as the most important sub-sector in terms of CO 2 emissions with a contribution of 90%. Road transport emission is followed by aviation and navigation, both not exceeding 10% of emissions within the transport sub-sector. These pollution trends have grown at a rate of about 6% (referred to ton of CO 2 -Eq.). As consequence, several initiatives and research projects have been undertaken with the aim of finding solutions to the current situation in the transport sector. Secondly, an analysis of GHG emissions trends was performed (according to the business as usual scenario) based on historical GHG emission inventories updated to the year 2012. This analysis was designed using the software Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP). For this purpose, Governmental strategies including measures related to fuel consumption, use of new technologies, political actions such as scrapping of the vehicle that have completed their life cycle, the introduction of hybrid and electric automobiles were considered. Preliminary results of the analysis indicate that political actions like scrapping vehicles and the use of biofuels are the most promising solutions to reduce rising trends of emissions and energy consumption.
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