Resumo A Catedral Metropolitana de Porto Alegre -RS, projetada em estilo neo-renascentista pelo arquiteto romano João Batista Giovenalle, teve seu período construtivo compreendido entre 1921 e 1986. O corpo externo da igreja foi edificado em granito equigranular róseo proveniente da área urbana de Porto Alegre. Já a sua imponente cúpula apresenta como revestimento placas de mármore dolomítico silicoso proveniente do Estado do Espírito Santo. Originalmente, o revestimento especificado pelo autor do projeto para este elemento arquitetônico era o cobre, porém por motivos de ordem financeira o revestimento foi substituído pelo mármore. Contudo, não foram realizadas as adequações projetuais necessárias para o perfeito funcionamento do revestimento escolhido, resultando assim numa série de patologias que acabaram por comprometer não só a estética do revestimento bem como sua integridade física. Os problemas estruturais e materiais identificados na cúpula foram resultado da atuação dos processos intempéricos, resultando na deterioração e degradação da obra.Palavras-chave: patrimônio cultural, rochas ornamentais, intemperismo, técnicas de conservação, educação. Abstract Analysis and evaluation of deterioration of the marble cover of the cupola of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Porto Alegre, RS. The Metropolitan Cathedral of Porto Alegre, in Rio Grande doSul state, was designed by roman architect João Batista Giovenalle. This construction was developed in a long time between 1921 and 1986. The external building design has a match of granite and marble. In the body of the church was used rose equigranular granite extracted from a quarry located in Porto Alegre. Its imposing dome has covering of siliceous dolomitic marble drew out from quarry of Espírito Santo state. Originally the author of the project planned to recover this architectural element with copper, but this material was replaced by marble due to financial difficulties. However it wasn't planned the necessary suitableness structures to perfect operation of this new material and resulted in a series of pathologies that damaged its aesthetic satisfactory design and the own building. The structural and materials problems identified in external dome resulted of degradations mechanisms related to physical, chemical and biologic weathering.
Uma parte importante da memória de uma cidade fica guardada em seu patrimônio arquitetônico, que descreve o passar do tempo através de sua evolução urbana e paisagística. Esta evolução pode ser observada através de obras como prédios públicos, monumentos, parques e praças. A passagem do Império para a República ainda mostra-se preservada no centro de Porto Alegre, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, através de edificações e traços da paisagem urbana. O desenvolvimento da cidade e o modelamento do seu urbanismo estão intrinsecamente relacionados com o substrato rochoso da cidade. O relevo montanhoso associado às rochas graníticas condicionou a localização e o desenvolvimento do centro da cidade. Estes materiais rochosos foram utilizados para construir a realidade física da cidade. Aassociação das informações geológicas e arquitetônicas com a história estabelece uma visão diferenciada da conservação do patrimônio histórico e permite visualizar os traços do tempo naurbanização e no paisagismo de Porto Alegre. Este trabalho apresenta uma contribuição da geologia na preservação do patrimônio histórico e aprofunda o conhecimento sobre o espaço em que vivemos.
The Júlio de Castilhos museum of Porto Alegre, formerly used as residence, was built in 1877 by a military engineer Catão Roxo. This building is one of the few examples of urban architecture from the last part of the nineteenth century. Its façade is covered by arenitic and granitic rocks quarried near the city. The covering shows the effects of weathering processes occurred during many years. Some of these were observed during a façade mapping as loss of rocky materials, discoloration, chemical deposition, desintegration and fracturing. Petrographic analyses of the arenite indicate an arcosean composition, rich in quartz, with plagioclase and alkali-feldspar (microcline) and opaque minerals in lesser amounts. The grains have a fine layer of iron oxide (hematite) clad, with a fringe of siliceous cement. The remained pores are filled by clay minerals, mainly illite. The elevated degree of compactation and diagenesis are responsible for the high coherence of the rock, allowing its use as covering rock. The petrographic features (textures and mineralogical composition) indicate that the arenites used on the façade’s museum, comes from the Botucatu Formation. The recognition of the mineral constituents and the knowledge of regional geology allow the façade’s recuperation through the replacing of unrecoverable pieces by new ones.
The Metropolitan Cathedral of Porto Alegre, in Rio Grande do Sul state, was designed by roman architect João Batista Giovenalle. This construction was developed in a long time between 1921 and 1986. The external building design has a match of granite and marble. In the body of the church was used rose granite extracted from a quarry located in Porto Alegre. Its imposing dome has covering of siliceous dolomitic marble drew out from quarry of Espírito Santo state. Originally the author of the project planned to recover this architectural element with copper, but this material was replaced by marble due to financial difficulties. However it wasn’t planned the necessary suitableness structures to perfect operation of this new material and resulted in a series of pathologies that damaged its aesthetic satisfactory design and the own building.
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