RésuméLe Dictionnaire français-latin-chinois de la langue mandarine parlée (1869) du Père Paul Perny est, parmi les oeuvres plurilingues du français avec la langue chinoise, un ouvrage original qui vise clairement à privilégier une approche communicative de la langue. Dans cet article nous montrerons le lien entre le travail de Perny et la tradition des études sinologiques entreprise par les jésuites en Chine ; de même, nous étu-dierons la manière dont le dictionnaire est organisé ainsi que la nature de son lexique. Il faut souligner que ce dictionnaire pré-sente évidemment un nombre élevé de mots provenants de la religion catholique, cependant on a également pu constater la présence systématique d'un important nombre de mots issus de la tradition culturelle chinoise. Également, le Dictionnaire français-latin-chinois de la langue mandarine parlée ressort par l'inclusion des termes propres à la langue courante ainsi que de nombreuses expressions liées à la culture AbstractThis paper defends the idea that the Dictionnaire français-latin-chinois de la langue mandarine parlée (1869), written by French clergyman Paul Perny, represents a groundbreaking work within the French to Chinese multilingual lexicography based on its strong communicative stance. It outlines the relationship between Perny's work and the sinological tradition initiated by the Jesuits in China, and further analyzes the dictionary's organizational structure, including the nature of its lexical inventory. It is noteworthy that this dictionary features a large number of terms belonging to the Catholic religion, even though it is possible to identify a significant and systematic presence of vocabulary specific to pagan Chinese tradition. The Dictionnaire français-latin-chinois de la langue mandarine parlée also stands out for including the vocabulary of modern Chinese along with numerous expressions and terms related to Chinese culture which enable a closer understanding Artículo recibido el 7/04/2015, evaluado el 1/07/2015, aceptado el 15/07/2015.
This paper revisits, from a historiographical perspective, the Grammaire de la langue chinoise orale et écrite (1873-76) by French missionary Paul Perny, a fundamental and representative work of French missionary linguistics of the 19th century which, over the years, fell into oblivion. As a missionary grammar, we should also place it in a context of profound changes in which academic sinology strongly emerges under the auspices of French political interests in China. Moreover, through the study of several sources we will show how this work was received by the academic sinologists contemporary with Perny. This will allow us to address the relationship that this missionary linguist had with them. This research also focuses on another aspect, related to Perny's stance on the academic discussion dealing with the alleged inferiority of Chinese with respect to inflected languages, which was a widespread idea at that time.
Studies on the lexicographical treatment of technical architectural terms in general language dictionaries are scarce. Our article shows how architectural technical terms were treated by the French Academy in the fourth edition of its dictionary (1762) through the study of a series of specific terms related to architecture and building. Jean Nicot's Thresor de la langue françoyse, tant ancienne que moderne (1606) is considered to be one of the first dictionaries to have identified a large number of architectural terms. In this work, we trace the presence or absence of these terms in the Dictionary of the French Academy (1762) and study whether they have become part of the common language or whether they continue to be regarded as specialized terms. Les études sur le traitement lexicographique des termes techniques d'architecture dans les dictionnaires de langue générale sont rares. Notre article montre comment les termes techniques concernant l’architecture ont été traités par l'Académie française dans la quatrième édition de son dictionnaire (1762) à travers l'étude d'une série de termes spécifiques liés à l'architecture et au bâtiment. Le Thresor de la langue françoyse, tant ancienne que moderne de Jean Nicot (1606) est considéré comme l'un des premiers dictionnaires à avoir identifié un grand nombre de termes architecturaux. Dans cet ouvrage, nous retraçons la présence ou l'absence de ces termes dans le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française (1762) et étudions s'ils sont devenus partie intégrante de la langue commune ou s'ils continuent à être considérés comme des termes spécialisés.
This article aims to analyse the use of the first person plural, second person and third person references in Obama’s and Bush’s victory speeches. The contrasting circumstances surrounding the election of both presidents were imprinted on discourse through different patterns of personal refe-rences (martin, 1992) and transitivity structures (Halliday, 2004 [1985]). By analysing them this paper will illustrate the social function of individuals in the speeches, as well as the way in which the systematic use of both linguistic devices contributed ultimately to define the role of the speak-ers as presidents of the United States. Whereas Obama’s victory speech centred on the audience and allowed them to feel protagonists, Bush’s anti-triumphant speech ignored them.
RésuméCet article propose un parcours à travers quelques notions traductologiques par rapport au fonctionnement des élé-ments culturels dans la langue. La grande variété terminologique existante, aussi bien en Traductologie que dans des autres disciplines, comme la Linguistique Appliquée, produisent une certaine difficulté au moment de classer ces éléments culturels. À partir de ce parcours terminologique, nous proposerons un nouveau concept : le signe linguistique culturel. Une étude contrastive français-espagnol montrera le fonctionnement du signe linguistique culturel dans la langue. Cette étude servira également à montrer les diffé-rences entre ce que nous appelons le signe linguistique culturel et les autres éléments culturels traditionnellement identifiés dans les différentes langues. Mots-clé: signe linguistique culturel; Traductologie; culture; Linguistique appliquée. AbstractThis paper goes over some basic concepts of Translation Studies concerning how cultural elements work in the language. The great amount of terminological variety existing, not only in Translation Studies but also in other disciplines like Applied Linguistics, makes it difficult to classify properly such cultural elements. However, and taking into account our preliminary review of the topic, we will introduce a new concept -the cultural linguistic sign-and explain its functioning in the language through contrastive analysis (French-Spanish). Likewise, our study aims to show the differences between the socalled cultural linguistic sign and some cultural elements that can be identified in other languages.
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