Scope This study evaluated the capacity of dietary catechin (C), quercetin (Q) and the combination of both (CQ), to attenuate adipose inflammation triggered by high fructose (HFr) consumption in rats and by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods and results In rats, HFr consumption for 6 wk caused dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, reduced plasma adiponectin, adiposity, and adipose tissue inflammation. Dietary supplementation with 20 mg/kg/d of C, Q and CQ improved all these parameters. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, C and Q attenuated TNFα-induced elevated protein carbonyls, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (MCP-1, resistin), and decreased adiponectin. The protective effects of C and Q on adipose inflammation are in part associated with their capacity to: i) decrease the activation of the mitogen activated kinases (MAPKs) JNK and p38; and ii) prevent the downregulation of PPARγ. In summary, C and Q, and to a larger extent the combination of both, attenuated adipose pro-inflammatory signaling cascades and regulated the balance of molecules that improve (adiponectin) or impair (TNFα, MCP-1, resistin) insulin sensitivity. Conclusion Together, these findings suggest that dietary Q and C may have potential benefits in mitigating MetS associated adipose inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance.

Garlic is a vegetable mainly agamically propagated, and it has been dispersed all around the world. Garlic cultivars have been classified in different ecophysiological groups (EG) according to their bulbing requirements. The variability in organosulfur composition (ACSOs), solids content (SC), pungency (PC) and antiplatelet activity (IAA) and the correlation among these traits in garlic clones belonging to three EG was studied. We found variability for ACSOs, SC, PC and IAA between clones belonging to different EG and also among clones belonging to the same EG. Cutivars EG III presented more variability than EG IV for ACSOs, thiosulfinates, allicin and PC, while for SC, EG IV was the most variable. The correlations found suggested that IAA observed was mainly due to organosulfur composition. Finally recommendations about the most suitable cultivars for fresh consumption, pharmaceutical and dehydration industry are made.

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