Carbon‐14 activity was lost when 14C‐NaHCO3 in aqueous solution was added to Aquasol. Phenethylamine can be used to form carbamates which are stable in Aquasol in order to achieve complete retention of 14C in the liquid scintillation cocktail.
Mr. Brown comanages tbe Nizbnii Tagil Environmental Project, Dr. Myers manages the Permits Improvements Team for EPA's RCRA program Ms. Parker develops information management improvement strategies f o r the Office of Solid Waste. Robert Stewart, a bydrogeologist at SAIC in McLean, Virginia, bas worked in support of numerous EPA and Department of Defense hazardous and solid waste regulatory initiatives.The U S . Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) performed a reservoir diagnosis and developed low-cost recommendations to improve drinking water quality for the city of Nizhnii Tagil, Russia. Despite widespread regional pollution, water quality within the drinking water supply source can be summarized as generally good. Sampling and analysis efforts did not reveal appreciable amounts of hazardous chemicals or metals. The major waterqualityproblem stems from a n abundance of blue-green algae during the summer months, causing drinking water taste and odor problems and filter clogging at the water treatment plant. City water treatment o f f ials also frequently experience difficulties with maintaining a n effective disin fection residual in the distribution system because it spans more than 30 kilometers in length. Regrowth of microorganisms in the distribution system often causes coliform bacteria counts to exceed standards. The implementation of a watershed protection and management program, and the installation of a new disinfection system, to punifv drinking water and to reduce bacterial growth in the distribution system should improve drinking water quality for the city residents.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently proposed to amend federal regulations to require vadose zone monitoring at certain hazardous waste facilities. To support this proposal, EPA evaluated previous policy on vadose zone monitoring and examined advances in vadose zone monitoring technology. Changes in EPA vadose zone monitoring policy were driven by demonstrated advances in the available monitoring technology and improvements in understanding of vadose zone processes/When used under the appropriate conditions, currently available direct and indirect monitoring methods can effectively detect contamination that may leak from hazardous waste facilities into the vadose zone. Direct techniques examined include soil‐core monitoring and soil‐pore liquid monitoring. Indirect techniques examined include soil‐gas monitoring, neutron moderation, complex resistivity, ground‐penetrating radar, and electrical resistivity. Properly designed vadose zone monitoring networks can act as a complement to saturated zone monitoring networks at numerous hazardous waste facilities. At certain facilities, particularly those in arid climates where the saturated zone is relatively deep, effective vadose zone monitoring may allow a reduction in the scope of saturated zone monitoring programs.
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