The two-dimensional diffusion-convection equation, together with the appropriate auxiliary conditions, is used to describe approximately the motion of dissolved constituents in porous media flow, dispersion of pollutants in streams and estuaries, energy transfer in reservoirs, and other natural transport processes. The two-dimensional diffusion-convection equation, with an assumed set of auxiliary conditions, is converted to a variational principle for systems that do not involve mixed partials. The variational principle is in turn solved by the Ritz procedure by dividing the domain of interest into an arbitrary number of finite triangular elements. Within each element the unknown function states are represented by a first order space polynomial. The resulting system of first order linear equations is then solved by numerical differentiation using the Adams-Moulton multistep predictor-corrector method.
The hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients in groundwater aquifers can be determined from observed values of solute concentrations. For a two-dimensional aquifer in which the concentrations of a solute are known an algorithm is developed to determine the values of longitudinal (•L) and transverse (•r) dispersivities. Concentration polynomials are developed by using double interpolation for a set of selected values of longitudinal and transverse dispersivities. With two of the polynomials, Newton's method is used to find the roots which are the values of the longitudinal dispersivity and the ratio of •L to •r. With more than two polynomials an optimization approach is used in arriving at the values of• and •./•r. The methods converge to the true values for a good initial estimate of the values.
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