The work aims at understanding the reasons that led to the emergence and the demise of the economic development model implemented in Venezuela in the 1990s and how such model contributed to the collapse of the political system established by the Punto Fijo Pact in 1958. It discusses the hypothesis that the rise of the Chávez Government was possible due to a regional context marked by the exhaustion of the neoliberal economic model in Latin America and the failure of the political system of Punto Fijo. The work opted to follow an analysis that took into account the overall process in the region without overlooking the specificities of the country. Consequently, it seeks to understand the internal limits of that process in Venezuela, a country characterized by an abundance of resources. That framework of analysis was adopted because Venezuela was the first country where a President with a critical approach towards neoliberalism was elected. Likewise, it was the country where a further opening of the economy led to the fall of the (then) current political system. The Venezuelan feature of a rentier society transformed the relations between the social agents and the state in such a way that a rentistic culture was firmly established. That Venezuelan historical trait, coupled with the loss of political and economic legitimacy of the Punto Fijo model, paved the way to the rise of Chávez. The discussion of the above-mentioned hypothesis is presented throughout three chapters that seek to provide a historical explanation of the rise and the crisis of the neoliberal in order to, subsequently, analyse the internal limits of Venezuela.
Resumo: O artigo pretende analisar a atuação da Venezuela dentro dos processos de integração existentes atualmente na América Latina, procurando verificar como a política externa possui papel fundamental na política interna venezuelana, mais especificamente na consolidação do projeto "bolivariano" e na consequente manutenção do grupo chavista no poder.Palavras-chave: América Latina, Integração Regional, Venezuela, Política Externa. Abstract:This article aims to analyze Venezuela' s work in the contemporary Latin-American integration processes. It intend to verify how important is Venezuelan external politics for its internal politics, especially for the consolidation of "bolivarian" project and for the consequent staying of Chávez' group on the power.
ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo es entender el proceso de regreso de científicos a Ecuador, con vistas a producir datos coherentes sobre los motivos de su regreso, sus redes sociales, políticas y disciplinarias en el país, lo que contribuye al esfuerzo de conocer las dinámicas de consolidación disciplinaria de los campos científicos, vinculadas con el exterior y, por lo tanto, el proceso de inserción del país en la nueva división internacional del trabajo. Para eso, el estudio utilizó las bases de datos de retornados ofrecida por la Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENESCYT) de Ecuador, para elaboración de una encuesta. El marco muestral de referencia estaba conformada por algo más de 700 PhD. En total, se realizó 126 encuestas, generando un error de estimación del 7,8% y se recompuso la distribución de los casos levantados por sexo y área de conocimiento con el uso de factores de expansión para dar mayor consistencia a los resultados obtenidos. Con base en la muestra, hemos podido realizar inferencias por sexo y por una variable agrupada de años de finalización del doctorado. Se solicitó información demográfica, laboral y de actividades de investigación en forma muy general. Se concluye sobre la pertinencia de la política pública y sobre el perfil del retornado. Palabras claveInserción internacional, talento humano calificado, política pública de educación superior. Forma sugerida de citar: Hitner, Verena & Tapia, Jesús (2018). Políticas públicas de retorno del talento humano calificado de Ecuador y su inserción internacional: el caso de los becarios de doctorado. Universitas, 29, pp. 109-132. AbstractThe paper aims to understand the process of return of scientists to Ecuador, with a view to producing coherent data on the reasons for the return of these scientists, their social, political and disciplinary networks in the country, which contributes to the effort of know the disciplinary consolidation dynamics of the scientific fields, its international links, and therefore the process of Ecuador's insertion in the new international division of labor. The study used the databases of returnees offered by the Secretariat of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (SENESCYT) of Ecuador for the preparation of a survey. The sample frame of reference was made up of a little more than 700 PhD. A total of 126 surveys were carried out generating an estimation error of 7.8% and the distribution of the cases raised by sex and area of knowledge was recomposed with the use of expansion factors to give greater consistency to the results obtained. Based on the sample, we were able to make inferences by sex and by a grouped variable of years of completion of the studies, demographic, labor information and research activities were requested in a very general way. The research concludes on the relevance of public policy and on the profile of returnees. KeywordsInternational insertion, qualified human talent, public policy of higher education.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.