This paper discusses trends, challenges, and perspectives in logistics system of Indonesia during and post (new normal) of Covid-19 pandemic. PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restriction) caused a number of supply chains to be cut and made railroad transportation activities decreased. On the other hand, WFH (Work From Home) caused sector of e-Commerce to grow during the pandemic. Challenges in logistics system of Indonesia during the pandemic are changes in distribution patterns, changes in handling processes, changes in facilities and equipment, changes in business processes, and changes in networks. Adaptations in logistics system during the pandemic are using ICT (information and communication technology) such as TMS (Transportation Management System) and EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and considering health. WMS (Warehouse Management System) still has a great opportunity to be utilized. The adaptations raise a new discipline in Industrial Engineering, namely logistics hygienic. The use of various ICTs in logistics system together with implementation of health protocols are expected to be a solution for logistics system in Indonesia, especially for the new normal of Covid-19 pandemic.
Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has a sea area of approximately 70% compared to land, with fisheries production reaching 20.72 million tons per year. Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia (MMF) stated the regulation Number 5/KP/2014, on National Fish Logistics System (NFLS). Referring to the regulation then made fish collection center (FCC) site selection, which aims to optimize the supply chain system of fish. Thus, it is expected that prices at the producer level and consumer level will be more stable, and provide guarantees for the procurement, storage, transportation, and distribution of fish and fishery products for the needs of the community. Determination of FCC location requires the selection of criteria on the basis that the location, infrastructure, and supply. A method analytical hierarchy processes (AHP) is used to compare between criteria so that the level of importance is known. The location is an alternative as the location of the fish collection center, namely Ocean Fisheries Port (OFP) and Nusantara Fisheries Port (NFP). The ports are clustered based on the port which is passed by the sea toll so that there are 4 lane clusters. Determining the location criteria for each port is done by looking for the x and y coordinate points using the Center of Gravity (COG) method, then the distance between the points of the COG location and the point of location of the port is measured. The results of the distance measurements are carried out by frequency distribution to determine the location criteria for each port and the criteria for infrastructure and supply of each port by accumulating criteria for each port. Weighting each criterion comparison methods AHP is based on the opinions of four respondents who are experts on NFLS. The results are obtained FCC on each cluster, namely cluster 1 on Ambon NFP, Cluster 4 on Kejawanan Cirebon NFP, Cluster 5 on Ternate NFP, and Cluster 6 on Sibolga NFP.
Total transport energy use and carbon emissions in 2030 are estimated to be about 80% higher than at present. West Java's transportation sector emissions are projected to occupy the third position in the third-largest contributor to GRK emissions, amounting to 21.9 million tons of CO2. The West Java Provincial Government aims to reduce 3.18 million tons of CO2 eq for the energy sector and 1.1 million tons of CO2 eq for the transportation sector. Of course, this is a challenge for the government because the volume of truck logistic systems continues to increase, especially in Bandung. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of truck exhaust emissions produced and to know what strategies should be taken to reduce exhaust emissions based on the selection of distribution routes for rice distribution in Bandung City. This study uses an ILP model with a Matlab solver that compares the total mileage, the number of vehicles, and total transportation costs in two distribution systems, namely direct delivery and shared delivery. In this study, the scenario of the transport capacity was changed according to the use of the truck type fuso tub, changing the type of truck that has a larger capacity, and calculating the value of exhaust emissions for trucks in both new scenarios and two distribution systems. The results showed, to reduce exhaust emissions by adjusting the number of vehicles and the minimum total mileage through increased transport capacity and sharing delivery systems, this strategy can reduce exhaust emissions by 21.92% for each composition. Keywords: transportation, rice distribution, sharing delivery, emission reduction, exhaust emission ABSTRAK Total penggunaan energi transportasi dan emisi karbon pada tahun 2030 diperkirakan menjadi sekitar 80% lebih tinggi daripada kondisi saat ini. Pada emisi sektor transportasi Jawa Barat diproyeksikan pada tahun 2020 menempati posisi ketiga terbesar penyumbang emisi GRK sebesar 21,9 juta ton CO2. Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat memiliki target menurunkan 3,18 juta ton CO2-eq untuk sektor energi dan 1,1 juta ton CO2-eq untuk sektor transportasi. Tentu hal ini menjadi tantangan pemerintah karena faktanya pada sistem logistik volume kendaraan truk terus meningkat khususnya di Kota Bandung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai emisi gas buang kendaraan truk yang dihasilkan dan mengetahui strategi apa yang harus diambil untuk menurunkan emisi gas buang berdasarkan pemilihan rute distribusi untuk distribusi beras di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan model ILP dengan solver Matlab yang membandingkan total jarak tempuh, jumlah kendaraan, dan total biaya transportasi pada dua sistem distribusi yaitu pengiriman langsung dan pengiriman berbagi. Pada penelitian ini skenario kapasitas angkut diubah sesuai dengan penggunaan armada angkut truk jenis fuso bak, mengubah jenis truk yang memiliki kapasitas lebih besar, serta menghitung nilai emisi gas buang untuk kendaraan truk pada kedua skenario baru dan dua sistem distribusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dengan mengatur jumlah kendaraan dan total jarak tempuh minimum melalui peningkatan kapasitas angkut dan penggunaan sistem pengiriman berbagi, dapat menurunkan emisi gas buang sebesar 21,92% untuk setiap komposisinya. Kata kunci: transportasi, distribusi beras, pengiriman berbagi, reduksi emisi, emisi gas buang
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