Maize is a strategic commodity for Indonesia, besides being used as community consumption, it is also used as input for industries such as animal feed and food processing industries as well as inputs for independent farmers. Industrial maize is obtained from two sources, namely domestic and imported. This study aims to determine the impact of government policies on the welfare of farmers and maize processing industries in Indonesia. The welfare of farmers is measured by producer surplus and consumer surplus. Using the econometric approach with a simultaneous equation system model, the estimation technique used is two stages least squares, a range of data series from 1985 to 2017. The analysis shows that the corn harvest area is negatively related to farm labor wages, urea fertilizer prices, working capital interest rates and significant statistically. The level of maize productivity is positively related to the amount of use of urea and hybrid seeds, while the number of composite seed uses actually decreases maize productivity. The scenario of subsidizing urea fertilizer prices and subsidizing hybrid seed prices, can increase farmers' maize production, but does not improve the welfare of farmers, because the additional production produced by farmers is not able to be absorbed by the market and prices drop dramatically, but the policy scenario is economically efficient. While the scenario of increasing import tariffs can actually increase farmers' welfare even though the overall policy is not efficient. The role of the government is very necessary especially in maintaining price stability when overproduction, this can be implemented by procuring maize by the government when overproduction, so prices remain stable.
<strong>English</strong><br />Maize is a strategic commodity for Indonesia. In line with the consumption pattern, the domestic demand for maize has changed from previously dominated by household consumption to presently dominated by raw material for feed and food processing industries. The maize demand of the processing industry increases rapidly, outpaced domestic production growth, that makes Indonesia must import maize in an increasing amount. This study aims to determine the impact of government policy on maize production which is the input of the maize processing industry. The analysis was conducted using an econometric simultaneous equation system model which was estimated with the two stages least squares technique using time series data of 1985-2017. The results show that the maize harvest area is negatively related with labor wage and urea price, and is positively related with the maize farm price. Maize productivity is positively related with quantity of urea fertilizer and hybrid seeds. but negatively related with composite seeds. The scenario of subsidizing urea prices and hybrid seed, raising import tariffs can increase the availability maize for processing industries as indicated by increasing domestic production and decreasing maize imports.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Jagung termasuk komoditas strategis untuk Indonesia. Seiring dengan perubahan pola konsumsi, permintaan jagung dalam negeri berubah dari sebelumnya didominasi oleh konsumsi rumah tangga menjadi kini didominasi oleh bahan baku industri pengolahan pakan dan pangan. Kebutuhan jagung untuk bahan baku industri pengolahan meningkat pesat, bahkan melampaui peningkatan produksi jagung dalam negeri, sehingga Indonesia terpaksa mengimpor jagung dalam jumlah yang terus meningkat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kebijakan pemerintah terhadap produksi jagung yang menjadi input industri pengolahan jagung. Metode analisis yang digunakan ialah model ekonometrika sistem persamaan simultan yang diduga dengan teknik two stages least squares memakai data deret waktu 1985-2017. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa luas areal panen jagung berhubungan negatif dengan upah buruh tani dan harga pupuk urea, sebaliknya, berhubungan positif terhadap harga jagung di tingkat petani. Produktivitas jagung berhubungan positif dengan volume penggunaan pupuk urea dan benih hibrida, namun berhubungan negatif dengan benih komposit. Skenario kebijakan subsidi harga pupuk urea, subsidi harga benih hibrida, dan kenaikan tarif impor dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan bahan baku industri pengolahan dan peternak mandiri sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh kenaikan produksi dalam negeri dan penurunan impor jagung.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kebijakan subsidi harga input dan subsidi harga output terhadap kesejahteraan pelaku industri jagung di Indonesia. Menggunakan pendekatan ekonometrika dengan model sistem persamaan simultan. Teknik pendugaan yang digunakan adalah two stages least squares, rentang data series dari tahun 1985 sampai dengan 2017. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa subsidi input (subsidi harga pupuk urea, subsidi harga benih hibrida) dapat meningkatkan produksi petani tetapi kesejahteraan petani menjadi lebih buruk. Subsidi harga output (harga acuan pembelian) selain dapat meningkatkan produksi juga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan pelaku industri jagung (better off). Untuk mengantisipasi turun kesejahteraan petani, maka subsidi harga input sebaiknya dibarengi dengan kebijakan penetapan harga acuan pembelian. Kata kunci: jagung, subsidi input, harga acuan pembelian, produksi, kesejahteraan
This study aims to determine the factors that influence household decisions in implementing urban agriculture. The research location is in Margajaya Village, Bogor City with a total of 94 households as respondents. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics and structural equation model to measure the structure of the model that describes the relationship between latent variables and their indicators. Descriptively, it is known that the community has understood the concept of urban as much as 87.23%. The most widely applied agricultural method is the tabulampot system (51.22%). Household preferences and household knowledge of urban have a positive effect on household decisions in implementing urban agriculture. Household preferences are influenced by economic, environmental and social aspects. The hypothesis which states that household preferences and knowledge of urban agriculture has a positive effect on household decisions in implementing urban agriculture is acceptable. Due to the limited agricultural land in urban areas, increasing food availability through urban agriculture is an alternative strategy, so that training and socialization of urban agriculture need to be carried out by local governments to increase public interest in implementing urban agriculture. Urban agriculture will be able to provide food for households and also become an alternative source of increasing household income.
Tanaman Seledri merupakan sumber penghasilan bagi petani di Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efisiensi teknis produksi usahatani Seledri di Kabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat. Jumlah responden sebanyak 120 petani, yang dipilih mengunakan metode purposive. Analisis efisiensi menggunakan fungsi produksi stochastic frontier. Hasil analisis menunjukkan luas areal dan jumlah tenaga kerja signifikan mempengaruhi produksi Seledri. Petani memiliki peluang 15,40 persen untuk meningkatkan produksinya, jika penggunaan pupuk secara benar dan berimbang. Faktor inefesiensi teknis disebabkan umur petani. Semakin tua umur petani semakin meningkatkan inefisiensi teknis. Usahatani Seledri membutuhkan kekuatan fisik karena tugas multitasking sebagai manajer sekaligus penggarap lahan. Petani sebagai anggota kelompok tani, pendidikan, pengalaman dan jumlah anggota rumahtangga dapat menurunkan inefisiensi teknis usahatani Seledri tetapi tidak signifikan dan inelastis. Kelembagaan kelompok tani diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi melalui kegiatan pelatihan/penyuluhan tentang penggunaan pupuk berimbang.
Urban farming is an activity of using unproductive land into productive land in the yard of the house. Urban farming can contribute to food security, hope food patterns, increase people's income and as a means of channeling hobbies. Urban farming is an alternative in increasing the productivity of home gardens to increase hopeful food patterns and reduce the cost of daily consumption expenditures for households. This study aims to determine the public perception of urban farming and to determine the contribution of urban farming to the decrease in daily consumption costs. This research was conducted in Margajaya Village, West Bogor District, Bogor City. Descriptive statistics are used to determine people's perceptions of urban farming while inferential statistics are used to test the hypothesis that urban farming can reduce household daily consumption costs by 5 percent. The results showed that people who understand about urban farming as much as 87.23%. The results of testing the hypothesis that the portion of daily consumption cost reduction of more than 5 percent can be accepted at the 95% confidence level. This indicates that urban farming has an important role from an economic perspective. Socialization of urban farming programs is a necessity, to increase food security, it has the potential to increase people's income and reduce poverty in urban areas
The formation of farmer institutions generally aims to increase access to capital, production facilities, markets, adoption of innovations and agricultural information. The existence of farmer institutions also makes it easier for the government and stakeholders to facilitate farmers. Farmer institutions are important to increase farmers' access to agricultural capital and information. This study aims to determine the role of farmer institutions in reducing production technical inefficiency. The research location is in Cianjur Regency, West Java Province in 2020. The number of respondents is 100 farmers, who were selected using the purposive method. Production inefficiency analysis using stochastic frontier processed with SAS@9.4 software. The results showed that the dominant factors influencing farmers' production were land area, and the use of labor. Farmer institutions have a role in reducing technical inefficiency, but it is not significant. Assistance to farmer groups should continue to be carried out by the government, to increase the role of farmer groups in improving the welfare of farmers.
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