Introduction:Henoch-Schonlein purpura is the most common childhood vaskulitis, affecting 10-20 children per 100.000 per year. More than 90% of patients are under 10 years old with a mean age of 6 years. It is characterized by non-thrombocytopenic purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding, and nephritis leading to renal failure in children. The most common factor that triggers this disease is bacterial invasion, especially the infection foci that is often found in the children oral cavity. Therefore, a comprehensive oral and dental management have to carried out. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to make a review of dental and oral care in children with HSP. Reviews: focal infection in the child's oral cavity can be a trigger of HSP. Pathogenesis of HSP is associated with complex diseases that are contributed by genetic factors and environmental triggers, one of which is odontogenic infection. A lesion could contain a thousand billion colonies of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Various inflammatory cells in the form of cytokines are produced by cellular components of periapical lesions that activate immune reactions, therefore odontogenic infections, especially chronic apical periodontitis, have the potential to trigger HSP. Management of focal odontogenic infections could reduce the incidence of HSP especially HSP with kidney involvement. Conclusion: Comprehensive care needs to be taken to prevent recurrence of the disease and to limit the complications.
Developmental defect of enamel (DDE) is a defect on the surface of the enamel layer thatoccurs during tooth development due to various genetic and environmental factors. Defects that occurresult in changes in color and texture on the enamel surface so that it interferes with aesthetics. Thedefect level that happens can be classified based on the DDE index to determine the option of a casetreatment plan consisting of enamel microabrasion, conservative aesthetic restoration, and bleaching.This review aims to analyze and review studies related to DDE in primary and permanent teeth. Anelectronic search was conducted through PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar,SpringerLink, and Wiley Online Library using the keywords “defect email”, “developmental defectemail”, and “defect on primary teeth” for research published between January 2011 and April 2020, thesame article was eliminated, the initial search resulted in a total of 55 articles. The exclusion of articleswas carried out based on the title and abstract so that finally, 45 relevant articles were obtained. Threestudies were included in this review for qualitative analysis. The results show that Enamel (DDE)Developmental defects can occur in both primary and permanent teeth with the same prevalence rate. KEYWORDS: Developmental Defect of Email (DDE), DDE Index, defect to primary teeth, defect topermanent teeth
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