Landslides are one of the natural hazards that occur annually in Indonesia. A continuous geodetic observation in the landslide prone area is essential to support the precautionary measures. Because of its hilly topography, torrential rainfall and landslide history, the Ciloto district in Indonesia has been affected by ground deformation for an extended period of time. The purpose of our study is to detect significant movement and quantify the kinematics of its motion using the Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series analysis and multi-band SAR images. We utilized the small baseline SDFP technique for processing multi-temporal SAR data, comprising ERS1/2 (1998–1999), ALOS PALSAR (2007–2009), and Sentinel-1 (2014–2018). Based on the detected deformation signal in the Ciloto area, the displacement rates are categorized as very slow movements. Two active main landslide zones; the Puncak Pass and the Puncak Highway area, which show the trend of slow movement progressively increasing or descreasing, were detected. The integration of the velocity rate between InSAR results and ground observations (e.g., terrestrial and GPS) was conducted at the Puncak Highway area from the temporal perspective. Using the polynomial model, we estimated that the area had cumulatively displaced up to −42 cm for 25 years and the type of movements varied from single compound to multiple rotational and compound.
<p class="JUDUL">pyGABEUR-ITB (Python<em> GayaBEUrat Relatif – Institut Teknologi Bandung)</em> is a free and interactive software for adjustment of relative gravimeter data, developed based on Python programming language. pyGABEUR-ITB can adjust relative gravity measurements and provide reliable estimates for correcting instrument’s systematic errors, such as gravimeter drift. Furthermore, pyGABEUR-ITB can also detect possible outliers in the observations using the t-criterion method. Since pyGABEUR-ITB is using the weighted constraint adjustment, at least one fixed station is required accordingly. Relative gravimeter data around Palu-Donggala area (Central Sulawesi) observed by Center for Geodesy Control Networks and Geodynamics, Geospatial Information Agency, were used to test the performance of pyGABEUR-ITB. The processing results were then compared against those calculated using GRAVNET software. The comparisons show that both pyGABEUR-ITB and GRAVNET softwares statistically provide simillar results, with the total RMS value of about 5 mGal. In term of computer’s requirement, pyGABEUR-ITB can be excecuted under a computer with the following minimal requirements: x64 CPU, 1 GB memory and WINDOWS 7 OS. Finally, it is important to mention that pyGABEUR-ITB is recently suited to process the data from the gravimeter that adopts the principle of vertical spring balance. In the near future, pyGABEUR-ITB will be extended to be able to automatically adapt to various observation principles.</p><strong></strong>
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