This study examines the impacts of fiscal capacity on the acceleration of poverty alleviation through a dynamic simultaneous equations model using empirical data of 23 provinces and conducting historical simulation. The increasing of fiscal capacity from local taxes and tax-revenue sharing have significant impact on poverty reduction, particularly in agricultural household, which has the largest share in number of poor in Indonesia indicated by larger decline of agricultural headcount index than industrial and trade headcount index. However, the increasing of General Allocator Fund/Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU ) has negative impact on agricultural headcount index. The policy implication is to increase revenue from taxation by local governments as the impact is more effective in accelerating poverty reduction. Keywords: Fiscal Capacity, Poverty Reduction, Policy Simulation AbstrakStudi ini menganalisis dampak kapasitas fiskal dalam mempercepat pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia melalui jalur pertumbuhan pro-poor melalui model persamaan simultan dinamis atas data empiris 23 provinsi dan simulasi historis. Peningkatan kapasitas fiskal dari pajak daerah dan bagi hasil pajak berdampak paling besar dalam menurunkan kemiskinan terutama di rumah tangga pertanian yang mendominasi jumlah penduduk miskin di Indonesia di mana headcount index pertanian turun lebih besar dibandingkan headcount index industri dan perdagangan. Sebaliknya, peningkatan Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) berdampak negatif pada kemiskinan pertanian. Implikasinya adalah pemerintah daerah perlu meningkatkan penerimaan dari perpajakan karena dampaknya lebih efektif mempercepat pengentasan kemiskinan.
High dwelling time in Indonesia has been in the spotlight of President since his visit to the Port of Tanjung Priok in 2014. This could bring impact on international trade, one of which is indicated by import tax revenue. The value of import in Indonesia which continues to fall has brought impact to lower country revenue from import tax. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of dwelling time on import tax revenue in Indonesia. The results from recursive equation system of Error Correction Model (ECM) by using data during January 2014 to November 2016 show that lower dwelling time will increase import tax revenue in Indonesia. AbstrakLamanya dwelling time menjadi sorotan Presiden RI sejak kunjungannya ke Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok tahun 2014 silam. Hal ini dapat berdampak pada perdagangan internasional, salah satunya diukur dari penerimaan pajak impor. Nilai impor Indonesia yang terus turun berdampak pada rendahnya penerimaan negara dari pajak impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh dwelling time pada penerimaan pajak impor di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil estimasi sistem persamaan rekursif Error Correction Model (ECM) dengan data periode Januari 2014-November 2016 diketahui bahwa dwelling time yang lebih rendah akan meningkatkan penerimaan pajak impor di Indonesia. Kata kunci: dwelling time, penerimaan pajak impor, ECM Kode Klasifikasi JEL: C51; F14; F62 PendahuluanGlobalisasi berdampak pada menipisnya batasbatas kegiatan ekonomi secara regional, nasional, dan internasional sehingga terjadi peningkatan arus barang dan jasa. Seiring meningkatnya arus barang akibat globalisasi tersebut, penerimaan kepabeanan dan cukai seharusnya juga meningkat. Namun, selama 2013-2015, share penerimaan kepabeanan dan cukai terhadap pendapatan negara justru berkurang dari 21,67% menjadi 19,74% (Gambar 1). Selain itu, realisasi penerimaan bea masuk lebih rendah dari * Alamat Korespondensi: Jl. Antasari No. 13 Putussibau 78711,
Analysis of Indonesian EMP and Four ASEAN Countries During CrisisContagion effect or domino eect which causes spreading economic crisis from one country to another also occurred in Indonesia in 1997 and 2008. The effect was identified by Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) index which measures economic pressure faced by a country on the exchange market through foreign exchange rate changes and foreign exchange reserves. The results of EMP analysis in Indonesia and four ASEAN countries using VAR method show that EMP contribution of four ASEAN countries in 2008 was larger than that of 1997. Moreover, the 1997 crisis in Indonesia spread from Thailand, while the 2008 crisis spread from Singapore.Keywords: Exchange Market Pressure; Vector Autoregression; ASEAN Countries AbstrakContagion Effect atau efek domino yang merupakan salah satu penyebab menjalarnya krisis ekonomi dari suatu negara ke negara lain juga terjadi di Indonesia tahun 1997 dan 2008. Efek tersebut diidentifikasi dari indeks Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) yaitu ukuran tekanan ekonomi yang dihadapi suatu negara pada pasar valuta asing melalui perubahan nilai tukar dan cadangan devisa. Hasil analisis EMP Indonesia dan empat negara ASEAN menggunakan metode VAR menunjukkan kontribusi EMP empat negara ASEAN dalam menjelaskan EMP Indonesia tahun 2008 lebih besar dibandingkan tahun 1997. Selain itu, krisis tahun 1997 di Indonesia menjalar dari Thailand, sedangkan krisis tahun 2008 menjalar dari Singapura.
One of the issues faced by countries in asia is income inequality. Economic development is expected to improvepeoples living standards to minimize the gap between low-income and high-income populations. One of economicdevelopment is through financial development. The financial sector plays an important role in the economy of acountry, the development of the financial sector will indirectly increase the output of other sectors so as to tie thevalue of the gross domestic product (gdp). In addition to equality and economic growth, economic developmentalso needs to see whether the two are related to human development as described in the poverty-growth-inequality triangle (pgi triangle). The purpose of this study is to see a picture of the inequality of income distribution, financial development and human development in six asian countries. The analysis used descriptive statistics and panel data regression, specifically fixed effect model (fem) and the random effect model (rem). The result showed that there is a significant influence between financial development and human development on income inequality, the higher the financial development will reduce the level of inequality of a country. Meanwhile, the high value of human development actually increases inequality.
Lamanya dwelling time menjadi sorotan Presiden RI sejak kunjungannya ke Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok tahun 2014 silam. Hal ini dapat berdampak pada perdagangan internasional, salah satunya diukur dari penerimaan pajak impor. Nilai impor Indonesia yang terus turun berdampak pada rendahnya penerimaan negara dari pajak impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh dwelling time pada penerimaan pajak impor di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil estimasi sistem persamaan rekursif Error Correction Model (ECM) dengan data periode Januari 2014–November 2016 diketahui bahwa dwelling time yang lebih rendah akan meningkatkan penerimaan pajak impor di Indonesia.
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