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Blockchain technologies recently emerging for eHealth, can facilitate a secure, decentralized and patient-driven, record management system. However, Blockchain technologies cannot accommodate the storage of data generated from IoT devices in remote patient management (RPM) applications as this application requires a fast consensus mechanism, careful management of keys and enhanced protocols for privacy. In this paper, we propose a Blockchain leveraged decentralized eHealth architecture which comprises three layers: 1) The Sensing layer-Body Area Sensor Networks include medical sensors typically on or in a patient body transmitting data to a smartphone. 2) The NEAR processing layer-Edge Networks consist of devices at one hop from the data sensing IoT devices. 3) The FAR processing layer-Core Networks comprise Cloud or other high computing servers). A Patient Agent (PA) software replicated on the three layers processes medical data to ensure reliable, secure and private communication. The PA executes a lightweight Blockchain consensus mechanism and utilizes a Blockchain leveraged task-offloading algorithm to ensure patient's privacy while outsourcing tasks. Performance analysis of the decentralized eHealth architecture has been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the system in the processing and storage of health data.

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The 5G is expected to revolutionize every sector of life by providing interconnectivity of everything everywhere at high speed. However, massively interconnected devices and fast data transmission will bring the challenge of privacy as well as energy deficiency. In today's fast-paced economy, almost every sector of the economy is dependent on energy resources. On the other hand, the energy sector is mainly dependent on fossil fuels and is constituting about 80% of energy globally. This massive extraction and combustion of fossil fuels lead to a lot of adverse impacts on health, environment, and economy. The newly emerging 5G technology has changed the existing phenomenon of life by connecting everything everywhere using IoT devices. 5G enabled IIoT devices has transformed everything from traditional to smart, e.g. smart city, smart healthcare, smart industry, smart manufacturing etc. However, massive I/O technologies for providing D2D connection has also created the issue of privacy that need to be addressed. Privacy is the fundamental right of every individual. 5G industries and organizations need to preserve it for their stability and competency. Therefore, privacy at all three levels (data, identity and location) need to be maintained. Further, energy optimization is a big challenge that needs to be addressed for leveraging the potential benefits of 5G and 5G aided IIoT. Billions of IIoT devices that are expected to communicate using the 5G network will consume a considerable amount of energy while energy resources are limited. Therefore, energy optimization is a future challenge faced by 5G industries that need to be addressed. To fill these gaps, we have provided a comprehensive framework that will help energy researchers and practitioners in better understanding of 5G aided industry 4.0 infrastructure and energy resource optimization by improving privacy. The proposed framework is evaluated using case studies and mathematical modelling.

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There is a growing trend towards in-house health monitoring system. It is now feasible to place a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) or smart phone in the hands of care-delivery staff and the patients regardless of where they are located or what their duties might be. In such instance, the staff would be able to access records and communicate with patients in a flexible and cost effective way. This paper proposes an Active Care Loop Framework (ACLF). The strength of our ACLF is to monitor disease over longer period of time and to consult patient who are then able to discuss their conditions with the care staff. Where patients need emergency intervention, an assistive health monitoring system can provide a direct communication channel to summon assistance and to enable with managing the situation until the assistance arrives. With a regular schedule of monitoring and consultation, the assistive ACLF has the capacity to forestall and manage non-critical situations and therefore the system can be deployed to minimize the rate and costs of hospitalizations.