The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) began India's planetary exploration program with the successful launch of Chandrayaan-1 orbiter mission to the Moon in 2008. The eleven remote-sensing scientific instruments from ISRO, NASA and ESA onboard Chandrayaan-1 have made significant findings including discovery of water signature, spinel minerals, lunar lava tubes, evidences of recent volcanism, impact-triggered boulder movements and discovery of sputtered atomic oxygen and backscattered helium on the lunar surface. The first Indian inter-planetary mission, Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) with five science payloads was successfully launched by a PSLV rocket on November 5, 2013 and entered an elliptical orbit around planet Mars on September 24, 2014. The Mars Orbiter is currently observing Mars surface features, morphology, mineralogy and the Martian atmosphere. The Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft to the Moon is a composite module consisting of Orbiter, Lander and Rover. Chandrayaan-2 Mission is planned to be launched onboard Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) during first quarter of 2018. The Orbiter will carry the combined stack up to moon till the Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI). The combined stack is then inserted into a lunar orbit of 100 km x 100 km. The Lander with the Rover is then planned to be separated from the Orbiter for soft-landing on a site near south polar lunar surface. This paper presents an overview of the technology and science objectives of India's Chandrayaan-2 Mission to the Moon, spacecraft architecture, science instruments, launch vehicle, mission design and operations.
Two newborn infants who had shared a nursery for 36 hours presented within 1 week of each other with generalized listeriosis. Since multiple cases among nursery mates are infrequent, these two cases are described in detail. The circumstances surrounding them are compared with those in two published reports of small nursery outbreaks. Together they support the possibility of an occasional newborn to newborn spread of L. monocytogenes. Review of the information which is pertinent for man suggests that, although the epidemiology of most instances of listeriosis is still unknown, it is a disease which needs to be considered more often by pediatricians.
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