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Background:Data on thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) generally belong to studies performed in adults. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the performance and utility of TI-RADS in the pediatric group.Materials and Methods:From January 2015 to 2018, 108 nodules were evaluated in 1028 thyroid ultrasound examinations. Images were retrospectively evaluated by two radiologists with 3 and 7 years of pediatric radiology experience, according to TI-RADS classification. Morphological findings of the detected nodules and their histopathological results were recorded. Histopathological findings and at least 12 months of follow-up imaging were taken as reference.Results:Seventy-one patients were female (67%). The mean age was 11.4 ± 4.7, and the mean nodule size was 7.4 ± 8.3 mm. According to the histopathological assessment and at least 12 months’ follow-up with clinical and sonographic stability 100 (95.2%) of the nodules were benign and 5 (4.8%) were malignant. Two nodules, nondiagnostic cytology and 1 nodule were found to be suspicious for malignancy. All malignant nodules were in the TI-RADS 5 category. The majority of benign nodules (79%) were found in low TI-RADS categories. About 80% of the malignant nodules were very hypoechoic and taller than wide in shape, also all malignant nodules had microcalcifications (P = 0.000). The sensitivity of TI-RADS was 100%, specificity was 78.8%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 19.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%.Conclusion:According to our study, TI-RADS system can be used to evaluate thyroid nodules in pediatric patients similar to adults.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pathological classification of parotid gland tumors and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) findings and also contribute the possible effect of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to diagnosis. Methods: Sixty patients with parotid masses diagnosed using histopathology and/or cytology were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients were evaluated using a 1.5 Tesla MRI. Demographic features, conventional MRI findings, and ADC values (mean, minimum, maximum, and relative) were recorded. MRI findings and ADC values were compared between benign-malignant groups and pleomorphic adenoma versus Warthin’s tumor groups. Results: Sixty tumors (48 benign, 12 malignant) were evaluated in a total of 60 patients (39 males, 21 females). The mean age was 59 (±14, 18–86) years old; the mean lesion size was 26 (±10, 11–61) mm. On the texture of conventional MRI, T2 dominantly hyperintense/with hypointensity signal was seen in 87% of pleomorphic adenomas and T2 dominantly hypointense/with hyperintesity signal was encountered in 64% of all Warthin’s tumors. Seven (28%) Warthin’s tumors were misdiagnosed as pleomorphic adenomas and two others (8%) as malignant tumors. The commonly used mean ADC value was 1.6 ± 0.6 × 10–3 mm2 sec−1 for benign tumors, 0.8 ± 0.3 × 10–3 mm2 sec−1 for malign tumors, 1 (0.9–1.8) × 10–3 mm2 sec−1 for Warthin’s tumors, and 1.9 ± 0.3 × 10–3 mm2 sec−1 for pleomorphic adenomas. There was a statistically significant difference in ADC values between benign-malignant tumors and pleomorphic adenomas-Warthin’s tumors. Conclusions: Warthin’s tumor may occasionally be misdiagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma and malignant tumor because of variable morphologic features. In addition to benign-malignant differentiation, the added ADC measurement may also be useful for differentiating Warthin’s tumors from pleomorphic adenomas.

We aimed to evaluate the findings and results from breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations performed for problem-solving purposes due to inconclusive conventional imaging findings. METHODS Imaging findings, biopsy and follow-up results were retrospectively evaluated for breast MRI performed for problem-solving purposes at our department between January 2011 and December 2016 for cases whose mammography, tomosynthesis, or ultrasonography findings were inconclusive. RESULTS Lesions were identified in 414 of 986 problem-solving MRI examinations, and 13.3% of these lesions were diagnosed as malignant. A total of 124 lesions were additionally found by MRI, and 9.7% of these lesions were diagnosed as malignant. MRI produced false-negative results in four cases. In cases whose conventional imaging methods yielded indefinite results, the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of MRI were found to be 96.3%, 83%, 99.3%, and 46.5%, respectively. For the additional lesions identified, the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of MRI were found to be 91.7%, 69%, 98.7%, and 24%, respectively. CONCLUSION Breast MRI is a reliable problem-solving method for excluding malignancy that cannot be confirmed by conventional imaging. In such cases, additional findings from MRI may help identify new cancers that cannot be detected with conventional methods. However, it has moderately low specificity which may cause unnecessary biopsies, follow-ups, and anxiety to patients.

M agnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used diagnostic tool for breast imaging in daily practice, with its high sensitivity to detect primary, recurrent, and residual breast cancer. Breast MRI serves as a reliable problem-solving tool in case of inconclusive mammography and ultrasonography (US) findings. It can be used to monitor the results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and it may also contribute to preoperative evaluation of known lesions. With increasing use of MRI, number of breast lesions visible only on MRI and need for MRI-guided breast biopsy have increased (1). Second-look US can also be used for re-evaluation of these lesions; because US-guided biopsy is an easier, cheaper, and faster method if these lesions are visible on second-look US. According to a recently published meta-analysis, lesion detection rates with second-look US are variable in the literature (22.6%-82.1%). Mass lesions and malignant lesions were more likely to be detected at second-look US; average detection rates were 66% for masses, 29% for non-mass-like enhancement (NME) (2, 3). However, focal or NME lesions, which are less detectable than masses on second-look US, require MRI-guided biopsy in the majority of cases. According to the MRI-guided biopsy series in the literature, approximately 25%-35% of these lesions are diagnosed as malignant (4-9).Within this context, the aim of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of MRI-guided 10 Gauge (G) vacuum-assisted breast biopsies (VABB) performed at our institution and to examine the relationship between lesion characteristics and histopathologic results. B R E A S T I MAG I N G O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E PURPOSEWe aimed to assess the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB), evaluate and compare the characteristics and histopathologic findings of lesions, and overview the follow-up results of benign lesions. METHODSMRI findings and histopathologic results of breast lesions biopsied by MRI-guided VABB between 2013 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. MRI findings closely related with malignancy were investigated in particular. Follow-up results of benign lesions were evaluated. RESULTSMRI-guided VABB was applied to 116 lesions of 112 women. Of the lesions, 75 (65%) were benign, while 41 (35%) were malignant. Segmental (94%), clustered (89%), and clustered ring (67%) nonmass-like enhancement patterns were found to be more related with malignancy. False-negative rate of MRI-guided VABB was 12%, underestimation rate was 21%. One of the 54 followed-up benign lesions had a malignant result. CONCLUSION MRI-guided VABB is a reliable method for the diagnosis of breast lesions that are positive only on MRI. Follow-up results show that cancer detection rate is low for radio-pathologically concordant lesions. Further multicenter studies with larger patient population are needed to elucidate these results.You may cite this article as: Taşkın F, Soyder A, Tanyeri A, Öztürk VS, Ünsal A. Lesion characteristics, histopathologic r...

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Introduction:The purpose of this study was to determine the primary patency rate of endovascular interventions in hemodialysis patients who had central venous stenosis or occlusion. Material and methods: Twenty-seven hemodialysis patients, who underwent endovascular intervention between January 2013 and January 2018 for central venous stenosis or total obstruction, were included in the study. Endovascular interventions consisted of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or stent implantation. Primary patency rate of endovascular intervention at the sixth and twelfth months were evaluated. Results: Stent implantation and PTA were used in 5 patients and 22 patients, respectively. Fourteen patients had stenosis and 13 patients had occlusion. The total procedural success rate was 81%, 86% in stenosis and 77% in occlusion. There was no procedure-related complication. The primary patency for PTA at 6 and 12 months were 40% and 10%, respectively. For stent implantation, primary patency rate at 6 and 12 months was 70% and 30%, respectively. Conclusion: Endovascular interventions for central venous stenosis and occlusion are safe, with low rates of technical failure and they can be first-line treatment for central venous stenosis or occlusion in hemodialysis patients.

Objective:To investigate the association between the morphologic and kinetic results obtained with the dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in breast cancer with the histopathologic subtypes of tumors. Material and Methods: The MRI results of 271 breast lesions of 258 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Lesion morphology and contrast-enhancement characteristics were evaluated using conventional MRI, and ADC measurements were performed with DWI. Results: An association was detected between regular margins in the masses, the presence of intratumoral necrosis, and annular contrast enhancement with triple-negative type (TN), spiculated margin luminal A type. Higher histological grade was mostly detected in TN (45.7%), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) tumors (47.1%) (p<0.001). The mean ADC value was measured as 1001x10 -6 mm 2 /second. No significant difference was detected in molecular subtypes considering the ADC values (p=0.396). No correlation was detected between the Ki-67 proliferation index and the mean ADC values (p=0.207). Conclusion: Although the morphological results of dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI indicated particular molecular subtypes, it may be suggested that the ADC values obtained using DWI were not decisive in identifying molecular subtypes.