Context/Background: Chronic diseases like diabetes are at risk of developing heart disease. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the high-risk population, which would help policymakers and interventionists focus on vulnerable groups. This study aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and coexistence of other diseases with diabetes.
Methodology: Secondary data from Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), Wave 1 (2017-18) was used for the study. A sample of 65,562 men and women aged 45 years and above have been included in the analysis. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analysis was used for the analysis.
Results: Overall, (12.4%) of Indians have self-reported diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes is (12.9%) among men and (11.9%) among women. Geographic variations were observed with higher rates in south India. Depression, lack of physical activity, obesity, increase in age, family history of diabetes, higher level of education, and wealth quintile were all significant risk factors for diabetes among men and women. Diabetes is associated with other chronic conditions such as heart disease, hypertension, and diseases of the bones and joints.
Conclusions: Although self-reported data underestimate the disease burden, it is evident that the prevalence of self-reported diabetes is high. India should address the risk of diabetes by promoting and encouraging a healthy lifestyle.
BackgroundAge-appropriate weight or underweight is one of the normative indexes of physical development that describe the nutritional state of children. Northeast India has a wide range of sociocultural child-rearing activities due to the region's varied tribal and ethnic populations which in some or the other way affect the nutritional status among children in early ages. An attempt has been made to assess the prevalence and determine the risk of underweight among children in northeast region in India.MethodsThe present study is based on a publicly available National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16 data. Multilevel random intercept model approach has been used to investigate the impact of independent variables at different social hierarchical levels on the underweight status in the study population.ResultsChildren whose mother's level of education was no education or primary were 1.13 and 1.34 times more likely to be underweight respectively than those with secondary or higher level of education. The risk of being underweight were 2.4 times higher among children of 4 years of age compared to those with age less than 1 year. Poorest wealth quintile had 2.45 times higher chance of being underweight.ConclusionStudy suggests that education of mother’s education, child's sex, age, type of residence, social status, and household’s wealth index affect the underweight among children. Hence, to combat the situation in northeast states, policymakers must make policies with a strong reliance on communities with a higher prevalence and risk.
Background: Infant mortality rate (IMR) and under five mortality rates (UFMR) are the sensitive indicators to assess health status and indicators of overall progress of a country. In India, IMR and UFMR is relatively high, and is unable to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) by 2015. Northeastern states of India depict a captivating trend in child mortality according to the report of NFHS-4 (2015-16). Therefore, the objective of this study is to estimate infant and under five mortality by place of residence and religion. In addition, to determine the factors affecting infant and under-five death. Data and Methods: This study utilizes data of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4). Eight northeastern states and 37,167 children under-five years were included in the analysis. Synthetic cohort probability method was used to calculate IMR and UFMR. To find the nature of the association between infant and under five death with selected socioeconomic characteristics, Bivariate analysis, and Binary logistic regression were used. Result: Study revealed that children in rural areas has higher risk of infant and under five mortality. Muslims has the highest IMR and UFMR i.e. 52 and 56 per 1000 live births respectively. Adjusted odds ratio shows that wealth index, size of child, sex of child, caesarean-section delivery has impact on infant and under five death at 95% CI and p-value (<=0.05). However, in contrary with existing literature, adjusted odds ratio shows that there is negative association between age of mother, mother education, place of delivery with infant and under five death at 95% CI and p-value (<=0.05).
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