Due to the need for high bandwidth, there is growing interest in distributed fiber Raman amplifiers (FRA). In addition to having wide bandwidth, FRAs have the advantages of a low noise factor and simplicity of use. However, the optimization of the wavelength and power values of the pump lasers to be used in FRAs for a broadband and flat gain region is an important problem to be solved. In this study, a distributed FRA system was set using 100 signals with a 50-km propagation distance and 8 pump signals in the opposite direction, which were gain-flattened. The attenuation coefficient of SMF-28 type optical fiber was used in the system. First, optimum pump wavelengths and power levels were found by the binary search equation based adaptive artificial bee colony algorithm. Then, the FRA boundary value problem (BVP) was solved with the MATLAB BVP solver. Finally, the analytical Jacobian matrix required for the solution of the equation was included in the system, and faster and more effective results were obtained. The results show that the gain ripple of 100 optical signals was 0.5 dB at the maximum.

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The study aims to investigate the effects of educational robotics (ER) in programming education on students' programming success, computational thinking (CT), and transfer of learning and to reveal the students' views about robotics programming. For this purpose, an explanatory sequential mixed‐method research design was used. In this research design, a qualitative data collection process follows a quantitative one to be able to further explain the novel results obtained through analysis of the quantitative data. In the quantitative part, a quasiexperimental study was designed, and one experimental group (EG) and one control group (CG) were formed randomly. The study was conducted with sixth‐grade middle school students for 14 weeks. In the process, students were given project tasks based on some real‐life problems, and they were asked to transfer their programming skills. It was preferred to use mBot as an ER. While the EG students performed programming activities with the mBot, the CG students performed only block‐based programming activities. Both groups were given pre‐ and posttests to collect data. Finally, semistructured interviews were conducted with the EG students to enrich quantitative findings. The results showed that robotics programming activities increased the students' programming success and transfer of learning, and scores of the EG were significantly higher than the CG. In addition, it was determined that both the EG and CG students' CT skills increased, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Finally, most of the students reported positive views on the use of ER in programming education.

Yüksek bant genişliğine duyulan ihtiyaç sebebiyle dağınık fiber Raman yükselteçlerine (FRY) olan ilgi artmaktadır. FRY’ler geniş bant aralığını kullanmasının yanında düşük gürültü faktörü avantajı ve kullanımdaki basitlik ile de ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada SMF-28 türü fiberlerde kazancı düzleştirilmeye çalışılan 50 km mesafeye sahip bir fiber hatta ilerleyen 100 adet optik sinyale zıt yönde sırasıyla 4, 8, 16 adet pompa sinyali göndererek dağınık fiber raman yükselteç sistemi kurulmuştur. Kurulan sistemde sinyal kazancını düzleştirmek için lineer olmayan FRY modeli, optimizasyon problemi olarak tanımlanarak ikili arama denklemli adaptif yapay arı kolonisi algoritması (İADAYAK) ile çözülmüştür. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde 4 adet pompa kullanılarak elde edilen ortalama net kazanç farkı 0,16 dB, net kazanç farkı ise 0 ± 0,4 dB olarak bulunmuştur. 8 adet pompa kullanılarak elde edilen ortalama net kazanç farkı 0,043 dB, net kazanç farkı ise 0 ± 0,1 dB olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. 16 adet pompa kullanılarak elde edilen ortalama net kazanç farkı 0,028 dB, net kazanç farkı ise 0 ± 0,05 dB olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yapay zekâ teknolojisi kapsamında üretilen algoritmaların gelişmesi paralelinde bu çalışmaya benzer çözüm performanslarının gelişeceği ve bu sayede elde edilen verimin artacağı düşünülmektedir.