Dermatologic conditions are a common presenting complaint in the athletic training room. There are many different causes for rashes, and treatment options vary depending on the condition and the severity. Bacterial infections of the skin have a variety of different appearances and can spread rapidly among individuals. Healthcare providers need to be aware of the increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus when making the choice of antibiotics. Other infectious rashes, including tinea and herpes, are well-described conditions in wrestlers; however, these rashes can be seen in any athlete, especially those engaged in contact sports. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are important to clear the rash and reduce the spread to others. In addition to infectious rashes, athletes are prone to mechanical rashes and skin conditions due to friction and tight-fitting equipment. Sports medicine providers must not only diagnose and treat these conditions but also be aware of the return-to-play guidelines set forth by the governing bodies under which he or she operates.

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Microsatellite markers were used for genetic analysis of terminal heat tolerance in F 2 (PBW373 × WH1081) population of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). Two parents were evaluated in field under normal sown and late sown conditions. For genotyping DNA from both parents PBW373 and WH1081 was amplified using 200 SSRs. Only 22 SSRs produced polymorphic bands, of size between 100 to 300 bp and an average of 1.45 alleles. The single marker analysis identified 19 markers indicating the putative QTLs for yield, its components and heat stress related physiological traits. The number of markers on these 16 linkage groups varied from one to four. On A genome 13 QTLs on B genome 5 QTLs and on D genome 9 QTLs were identified, respectively. The A, B and D genomes had 1360.3 cM, 272.4 cM and 919.5 cM of linkage coverage with average interval distances of 104.63 cM, 54.48 cM and 102.16 cM/Marker. A total of nine QTLs were resolved following composite interval mapping, one QTL was detected at a LOD score equal to threshold value of 2.5 while eight at LOD scores above the threshold value. All the nine QTLs were shown to be on definitive location on chromosome 3A (QDh.CCSHAU-3A, QDa.CCSHAU-3A and QPm.CCSHAU-3A), chromosome (QBm.CCSHAU-5A, QCtd.CCSHAU-5A and QCl.fl.CCSHAU-5A), chromosome6A (QPh.CCSHAU-6A) and chromosome3B (QTgw.CCSHAU and QMts.CCSHAU-3B). Use of these markers save times, resources and energy that are needed not only for raising large segregating populations for sveral generations, but also for estimating the parameters used for selection.

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A set of 104 wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) obtained from a cross between parents resistant (HD 29) and susceptible (WH 542) to karnal bunt (KB) (caused by Neovossia indica) were screened and used to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked with resistance to karnal bunt as these would allow indirect marker assisted selection of KB resistant genotypes. The two parents were analysed with 92 RAPD primers. A total of 65 primers proved functional by giving scorable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. Of these, 21 (32 %) primers detected polymorphism between the two parental genotypes. Using these primers, bulked segregant analysis was carried out on two bulk DNAs, one obtained by pooling DNA from 10 KB resistant RILs and the other similarly derived by pooling 10 KB susceptible RILs. One marker, OPM-20 showed apparent association with resistance to KB. This was confirmed following selective genotyping of individual RILs included in the bulks.Additional key words: Neovossia indica, PCR, recombinant inbred lines, Triticum aestivum.

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Embryos excised from seeds of six generations (P1, P2, F1, BC1, BC2 and F2) of a cross WH 283 WH 533 were cultured on modified MS medium already inoculated with secondary sporidia of Neovossia indica. Significant variations for callusing response (CR) (54 55-75 55%) were observed among generations but the presence or absence of N. indicia did not affect callusing response. A clear inhibition zone (IZ) was formed around each embryo showing callusing. The diameter of IZ varied significantly among generations and was maximum in the resistant genotype, WH 283 (3 60 cm). Fresh weight and dry weight of calli, initiated from embryo cultured and inoculated with N. indica, varied significantly among generations. Coefficient of infection as well as percentage of infection reflected the overdominance of susceptibility. Generation mean analysis showed that the three parameter model was adequate for diameter of IZ only. Six-parameter model showed that additive (in presence of N. indica), additive and additive dominance (in absence of N. indica) effects were also significant. Complementary type of epistasis for fresh weight of calli and dominance, and dominance dominance effects for dry weight of calli were observed in the presence of N. indica. Magnitude of additive effects was higher for diameter of IZ in three parameter model. Therefore, selection might assist in improving this trait and thus indirectly help in attaining the resistance towards N. indica.

Abtract The organic matter content of saline‐sodic soils of Punjab is very low and varies from 0.229 to 0.563%. It is an important cause of low available nitrogen and the correlation coefficient (r = 0.640) is significant. The values of available nitrogen are low in surface and very low in subsurface soils. Values of available phosphorus are medium in surface and low in subsurface saline‐sodic soils. Available nitrogen is very low in the districts of Karnal, Amritsar, and Rohtak, and low in Hissar, Gurdaspur, and Ferozepur. Available phosphorus ranges from very low to low in Rohtak, Hissar, and Gurgaon, but is medium to high in Gurdaspur, Ferozepur, Karnal, and Amritsar. pH has a significant effect on the availability and fixation of nutrients. Significant negative correlation coefficients between pH and available nitrogen (r = 0.444) and pH and available phosphorus (r = 0.362) have been found.