Late access to obstetrics service, viral load of >1,000 copies/ml and short duration antenatal highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), are the strongest predictors for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Neonatal triple therapy did not seem to reduce MTCT if the above risk factors were present. Intrapartum intravenous zidovudine (i.v. ZDV) of <4 h does not seem to increase the risk of MTCT if the viral load is <1,000 in those receiving HAART. Intrapartum i.v. ZDV >4 h did not seem to reduce the risk of MTCT with the viral load >1,000 in patients having <4 weeks of HAART.
Multiple pregnancies arising from assisted reproduction are known to be associated with increased medical, psychological, economical and social risks. If only two embryos develop after culture, how should the couple be counselled in relation to the risk of multiple pregnancy? We performed a retrospective review of all IVF/ICSI treatments performed between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2007, that resulted in double embryos transfer (DET). We identified 623 cycles with a fortuitous DET (Group I) and 635 cycles with an elective DET (Group II). Group II were significantly more likely to have twins when compared with Group I, irrespective of age. Twin rates in Group I were higher in IVF compared with ICSI; 33.3% vs 16.6% in < 35 years old and 16.2% vs 7.6% in 35-40 years old. Therefore, single embryo transfer should be considered for IVF patients below 35 years old, even if only two good quality embryos are available.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.