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IntroductionThe aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components according to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and the risk factors affecting MS. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was evaluated according to certain quintet age groups, altitude, location and demographic features.Material and methodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 24 provinces from the 7 regions of Turkey. A total of 4309 adults from 7 regions participated in the study (1947 males, 45.2%).ResultsThe mean age of participants was 47 ±14 years. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was found as 36.6% according to ATP III and 44.0% according to IDF. The MS rate was found to be higher in females compared to males in both groups (p < 0.01). According to both criteria, MS prevalence was found to be higher in subjects who lived in coastal regions when evaluated according to altitude and in subjects who lived in district centers when evaluated according to location. The MS risk is 1.62-fold higher in females compared to males. Metabolic syndrome risk increases as age increases and is highest in the 61-65 age group. Metabolic syndrome risk increases 2.75-fold in the overweight compared to normal weighing subjects and 7.80-fold in the obese.ConclusionsMetabolic syndrome prevalence was found to be high in Turkey according to both criteria. Metabolic syndrome prevalence increases as age and body mass index (BMI) increase. Age, female gender and obesity are independent risk factors for MS development.

Introduction: Incidental thyroid cancers are frequently detected in patients operated on for Graves' disease (GD). There are no clear data about the incidence and risk factors of incidental thyroid cancer in operated GD patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of thyroid carcinoma in surgically treated GD patients. Material and methods: The data of 121 GD patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in a single center between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. The diagnosis of thyroid cancer was based on pathological examination. Results: Thyroid cancer was demonstrated in postoperative pathology specimens of 34 patients who were surgically treated for GD (28.1%). Preoperative thyroid ultrasonography (USG) revealed a nodular goiter in 62 (51.2%) patients. Nodules were not detected in the other 59 (48.8%) patients with GD. The frequency of thyroid cancer was significantly higher in patients with nodules (38% vs. 16%; p = 0.009). Thirty-two of the 34 cancer cases had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and the remaining 2 had follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Of the 32 PTC patients, 28 were classical type, 2 patients had the follicular variant, 1 was the oncocytic variant, and 1 was a tall cell variant. Conclusions: The incidence of thyroid cancer was higher in patients who underwent surgery for GD. In addition to a careful physical examination in the follow-up of the patients with GD, ultrasonographic evaluation should be performed. Surgical treatment should not be delayed in patients with GD when indicated.

Introduction: Disorders of sexual development (DSD) occur when the appearance of the internal and/or external genitalia is at variance with normal development for either sex. We reviewed the characteristics of patients with DSD. Patients: Two hundred and eight children aged from newborn to 19 years with DSD from 1990 to 2008. Results: 46,XY DSD (52.4%) was more common than 46,XX DSD (34.6%) and gonadal differentiation disorders (12.99%). Thirty-six (33.02%) patients were diagnosed with androgen resistance syndrome, 41 (37.61%) had 5α-reductase deficiency, 23 (21.10%) had testosterone synthesis disorders. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia was the most frequent underlying cause of 46,XX DSD. Conclusion: There are many difficult aspects in the diagnosis and management of DSD. Gender assessment teams of endocrine centers need a multidisciplinary approach for the diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment, genetic counseling, and psychosocial support of these patients.

Objective. The waist circumference (WC) cutoff levels defined for the Caucasian people may not be representative for different ethnic groups. We determined sex specific WC cutoff points to predict obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk in Turkish adults. Design and Methods. The demographic characteristics of 1898 adult males and 2308 nonpregnant females from 24 provinces of 7 different regions of Turkey (mean age 47 ± 14 yrs) were evaluated. Results. The WC levels of 90 cm and 100 cm define overweight and obese males while the levels of 80 cm and 90 cm define overweight and obese females. With these cutoff values, 239 additional males (12.6%) are diagnosed as overweight and 148 additional males (7.8%) as obese. Instead, 120 females (5.1%) are free of being labeled as obese. Conclusions. This is the first nationwide study to show the action levels of WC for overweight and obese Turkish adults. The ideal cutoff levels of WC to predict metabolic syndrome are 90 cm and 80 cm for Turkish adult men and women, respectively. These values are easy to implement and suggested to be used by the physicians dealing with cardiometabolic disorders in Turkey.