ÖZ2008 küresel ekonomik kriziyle birlikte ciddi ölçülerde azalan sermaye hareketlerinin kriz sonrasında yeniden artıĢ göstermesi bu konudaki tartıĢmaları yeniden gündeme getirmiĢtir. Ġç tasarrufları, teknolojisi ve dövizi yetersiz geliĢmekte olan ülkeler kalkınmalarını finanse etmek ve böylece geliĢmiĢ ülkelerle aralarındaki farkı kapatabilmek için yabancı sermayeye gereksinim duymaktadır. Bu çalıĢmada geliĢmekte olan ülkelere yönelik sermaye hareketlerinin makroekonomik sonuçları incelenmektedir. Özellikle doğru-dan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ve portföy yatırımları üzerinde odaklanan çalıĢmada sermaye hareketlerinin geliĢimi ve belirleyicileri ve ekonomi üzerindeki olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri tartıĢılmaktadır. GeliĢ-mekte olan ülkeler, sağladığı teknoloji ve bilgi transferi nedeniyle verimliliği arttırıp, ekonomik büyüme-yi destekleyen ve ani geri dönüĢ olasılığı düĢük olan doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarına daha çok önem vermelidir. Buna karĢın spekülatif ve değiĢken bir sermaye bileĢeni olan portföy yatırımları, geliĢ-mekte olan ülkelerin sermaye yetersizliği problemini çözmenin riskli ve sorunlu yolunu oluĢturmaktadır. CAPITAL FLOWS TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND ECONOMIC RESULTS ABSTRACTThe increase -after the crisis-in capital movements which drastically decreased due to 2008 global economic crisis has put the clock back on this issue. Countries that are underdeveloped in terms of domestic savings, technology and foreign exchange need a foreign capital in order to finance the development and thus, to bridge the gaps with the developed countries. In this study, the macroeconomic consequences of capital movements towards the developed countries have been examined. This study particularly focusing directly on foreign capital investments and portfolio investments has discussed the development and determinants of capital movements and the positive and negative effects on the economy. Developing countries should increase productivity by the reason of providing technology and knowledge transfer and should place a great emphasis on foreign direct capital investments that promote economic growth and have a minimum possibility of sudden return. On the other hand, portfolio investments, which are the speculative and variable investment components, make up risky and problematic way of solving undercapitalization problem of developing countries.
Since the 1980s, income inequality has increased significantly in developed and developing countries. The literature has also seen studies that attempt to explain this rising trend in income inequality. Some studies explaining the increase in income inequality in various ways have focused on economic globalization. Questions on how the steps taken towards liberalization in international trade and finance and increasing market integration affect income inequality have been at the center of the discussions in these studies. Uncertainty about the direction and extent of the link between globalization and inequality persists primarily because of the conflicting empirical findings in the literature. This study aims to contribute to the literature by conducting an empirical analysis of MIST countries with data covering 1987-2019. The study's findings, which used panel data analysis to assess the data, showed that while trade and financial openness reduce income inequality for MIST countries over the analyzed period, foreign direct investments do the opposite. The results also showed that the effect of financial openness on income inequality is greater than the effect of trade openness. It is also discovered that the rate of per capita income increase has no statistically significant impact on income inequality.
Purpose -The adverse circumstances which have been experienced in Turkey's economy recently are attributed to different justifications. One of these is the case defined as 'Dutch Disease' in literature. Dutch disease is an economic term for the negative consequences that can arise from a spike in the value of a nation's currency. Within this context, it has been desired to test the validity of 'Dutch Disease' in Turkey's economy for the 2002-2018 period. The case that there is no research which is put forward recently or made with a similar method makes the study different from the others. Methodology -In the study, it is used the annual data belonging to the variables of Consumer Price Inflation (CPI) and Imports between the years 2003-2018. Empirical analysis has been executed by using SPSS (22) Pearson's Test technique and Regression Analysis. Findings-According to the obtained findings, contrary to what is alleged, there is no connection of the adverse circumstances which have been experienced in Turkey's economy recently to 'Dutch Disease'. Conclusion-For the Dutch Disease to be able to occur, the currency used as medium of exchange is required to be convertible. Because the national currencies of the developing countries such as Turkey are not convertible, the national currency appreciates only within the boundaries of the country. The decrease of the production in Turkey is associated with imports not becoming cheaper but on the contrary becoming more expensive.
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