BackgroundGlobally, postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) is among the top causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgery. ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of SSI among adult patients that underwent surgery at a hospital in the Southern Province, Rwanda. MethodThe study design was cross-sectional and used structured questionnaires, interviews and reviewed patients’ file records. Data were collected on 122 participants selected using the convenient sampling strategy. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 2020 was used to analyze the data. ResultsMost (86.1%) of the participants were females, the majority (48.4%) were aged 28-37 years. The prevalence of SSI was 8.2%, and most (90%) of the infected patients had undergone Caesarean section. Being HIV positive increased the risk for developing SSI. (X2: 9.604, df:1, CI: 1.7053; 19.8652; p value=0.014).ConclusionThe prevalence of SSI was 8.2%. Therefore, there is a need for enhancing preventive measures, early detection and treatment that will reduce the comorbidities of infected patients. HIV patients would need further attention. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(1):34-45

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Introduction Integration of mental health services into non psychiatric health care facilities from community level was recommended by the world health organization (WHO) in 1984 to improve the quality of mental health services provided to the local population. Community Health Workers (CHWs) have an important role to play for the implementation of WHO recommendation of integration especially at the community level. Research objectives were to: Describe attitude among CHWstowards people with a mental illness and explore relationships between socio-demographic variables and CHWs' attitude towards people with mental illness in Muhoza health center/Ruhengeri hospital in Rwanda. Methods In this study, a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct a research among CHWs operating under Muhoza health centre/ Ruhengeri hospital in Rwanda. A selfreport questionnaire was used to collect data on a sample of 138. Questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables and two sections that include level of contact (LOC) and the Community Attitude towards Mental Illness-Swedish version (CAMI-S). The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used to analyze data. Results Findings showed negative attitude among community health workers in regards to people with mental illness (MI). The participants' total score on the CAMI-S was ranging between 25% and 87%. This study revealed that participants with lower level of education and less experienced as CHWs reflected higher negative attitude in regards of people with mental illness than participants with higher level education and more experienced. Also, results from this study indicated that increase in LOC correlates with decrease in fear and avoidance towards people with mental illness. Conclusion Community health workers in a selected Health Centre/ Ruhengeri Hospital, in Rwanda hold negative attitudes towards people mentally ill. Also, there is association between negative stereotypes towards people mentally ill and the level of education and experience. Familiarity has a mediating effect on negative attitudes hold by community health workers in regards to people mentally ill.

Mental disorder (MD) is significantly contributing to global burden of disease and this is the fourth leading cause of global disability. To overcome this concern, the World Health Organization recommended integration for mental health care into general health care facilities and nurses have an important role in the implementation of WHO recommendation about the integration. The objectives of this study are as follows: To describe stereotypical attitudes amongst urban nurses regarding persons with a mental disorder and to explore relationships between specific socio-demographic factors (age, gender, qualification, years of nursing experience and familiarity) and nurses' stigmatizing attitudes towards persons with a mental disorder in urban health centers of a selected district hospital in Rwanda.A quantitative, descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among nurses working in urban health centres of a selected District hospital in Rwanda and a self-report questionnaire which included four demographic variables and two sections such as level of contact and the Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness-Swedish version. The self-report questionnaire was distributed to the available nurses (n=128) and the next step was data analysis where SPSS version 20 was used. This study revealed that participants held negative stereotypes towards persons with MD. Association test revealed less negatives stereotypes towards MD among higher qualified nurses than lower qualified nurses, younger nursesthan older nurses and less experienced nurses than higher experienced nurses. Also, correlation test revealed that increases in LOC correlates with decrease in score in open minded & pro integration, fear and avoidance and community and mental health ideology subscales and the total score.