Background: Thyroid hormone abnormalities are the commonest endocrine disorder in India and also the commonest preventable cause of mental retardation, so we want to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in children at kurnool district. Materials and Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study performed in new born and children below 18 years fulfilling the inclusion criteria visiting the pediatric OPD and IPD in Viswabharathi medical college, Kurnool if they had clinical suspicion of thyroid dysfunction. If suspicion of hypothyroidism, Free T4, Total T4, TSH levels and if suspicion of hyperthyroidism Free T3 and TSH were done. Results: Out of 70 case 3 cases (4.3%) are hyperthyroidism and 67 cases (95.7%) are hypothyroidism in these 3 (4.3%) cases had family history of thyroid disorders, male to female ratio was 1.3:6 and prevalence rate was high in the age group of 10 - 12 years 32.9% (23 cases). 13 (18.6%) cases had thyroid enlargement and 48 (68.57%) cases had anaemia. Treatment was started according to standard guidelines. Conclusion: The higher prevalence rate of thyroid disorders in childhood that to in female children and age group of 10 - 12 years in and around kurnool. Hence, screening of all new-borns and children should be mandatory as early diagnosis and treatment helps in prevention of complications of thyroid disorders. KEY WORDS: Free T3, Free T4, Goiter, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, and Thyroid stimulating hormone.

Background: In the modern era, the global burden of childhood Bronchiectasis remains poorly captured by the literature. However, bronchiectasis is essentially a disease of poverty. Clinical trials across multiple countries are essential to further improve interventional and clinical management of bronchiectasis. Hence, the present study taken up and studied the prevalence of bronchiectasis among children less than twelve years of age in kurnool district, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was design with 96 patients with bronchiectasis from Viswabharathi hospital medical college and all the children were followed up clinically and radiological findings. The details of these children were collected through a structured proforma and statistical analysis was done. Results: Age groups below twelve years of age with the median age at presentation was 4.5 yrs and Male children (51.1%) being slightly, occurs predominantly in lower socio-economic population (93%) and urban population (55%) being more affected. The common symptoms in these children are cough (100%), fever (65%) and breathlessness (53%). Cough with expectoration (56.3%) and hemoptysis (30.2%) was predominant in above six years of age. Conclusion: we present epidemiological data for bronchiectasis in Kurnool, A.P., India that will be important to inform quality improvement efforts in India as well as future clinical trial design and disease understanding. KEY WORDS: Breathlessness, Bronchiectasis, Cough, expectoration, fever, Hemoptysis.

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