Smart farming is becoming the need of the hour nowadays in an effort to boost productivity and protect the crops. This can be done using sensors and internet enabled devices in the farm. The underlying wireless sensor network can sense various environmental parameters and can pass data to the internet enabled devices to support smart farming. The sensor nodes are, however, powered by smaller batteries and have limited lifetime. Therefore, this paper presents a clustering protocol which aims at increasing the lifetime of the sensor nodes. These sensors are considered to be pressure sensors which are deployed in the network and whenever any animal encroaches the farm, a signal can be passed to the internet enabled alarm system which can help the farmer to fend off the animals and protect his crops. The sensor network is considered to have three level of energy heterogeneity among the nodes and the cluster head is selected in such a way that the cluster formed by the head consists of more number of high energy nodes. The proposed protocol has been simulated in MATLAB environment and compared with SEP, DEEC and ISEP based on network lifetime and throughput. The protocol has shown better performance against these existing protocols.
Smart farming is becoming the need of the hour nowadays in an effort to boost productivity and protect the crops. This can be done using sensors and internet enabled devices in the farm. The underlying wireless sensor network can sense various environmental parameters and can pass data to the internet enabled devices to support smart farming. The sensor nodes are, however, powered by smaller batteries and have limited lifetime. Therefore, this paper presents a clustering protocol which aims at increasing the lifetime of the sensor nodes. These sensors are considered to be pressure sensors which are deployed in the network and whenever any animal encroaches the farm, a signal can be passed to the internet enabled alarm system which can help the farmer to fend off the animals and protect his crops. The sensor network is considered to have three level of energy heterogeneity among the nodes and the cluster head is selected in such a way that the cluster formed by the head consists of more number of high energy nodes. The proposed protocol has been simulated in MATLAB environment and compared with SEP, DEEC and ISEP based on network lifetime and throughput. The protocol has shown better performance against these existing protocols.
Internet of Things (IoT) has been observed these days in variety of applications where the devices interconnect with each other using Internet and provide much useful information for various purposes. These network are often backed by WSNs where sensors play a significant part in gathering environmental data; this data is processed and used by IoT devices for numerous applications. This paper proposes agricultural application of IoT where the soil moisture content is continuously monitored such that excess watering can be avoided; this leads to water conservation in addition to preventing the crop damage. Furthermore, sensors also monitor the environmental parameters which are responsible for causing fire in the fields. This information is sent to the server where it can be processed and damage to crops can be avoided. The clustering approach has been suggested for underlying sensor system where the main objective function of augmenting the network lifetime and reducing the data delivery delay has been laid out. The cuckoo search optimization (CS) has been used in unison with ant colony algorithm (ACO) to select the optimal cluster heads. The traffic heterogeneity scenario has been considered in the network where the fire sensors has more data to forward to base station as compared to moisture sensors; this traffic heterogeneity has been primarily considered which choosing the optimal CH. Furthermore, the information transmission process from CH to BS is also optimized by forming the paths using ACO and selecting one best out of them for data forwarding. The suggested approach was experiment in MATLAB & contrasted compared with other protocols namely GWO, ESO, GECR and LEACH based on average residual energy of the system, network stability, network lifetime and delivery delay. The suggested approach has managed to achieve good system lifespan & less delivery delays.
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