The article is devoted to the key subjects of educational policy, on which the quality of the educational sphere depends. One of these subjects is teachers of higher educational institutions as a special social group, which has a leading role in shaping the intellectual, professional and scientific potential of society. A lot of research is devoted to the problems of teachers, but the issues of their self-identification remain relevant and, at the same time, insufficiently studied. The capacity of narrow professionals to solve the complex tasks of social life is insufficient. Another key subject of educational policy is the state as a guarantor of quality higher education. In most European countries, the state, due to historical traditions and resources, remains the main guarantor of the national education system. In the article, on the basis of our own sociological studies conducted in one of Moscow universities among teachers and students, as well as a secondary analysis of sociological research data conducted in a number of regions and universities of the country, some problems were identified that prevent the creation of an effective management model in the field of education.
This article discusses the main trends in the historical development of Russia in the field of environmental protection. Changes in the socio-economic policy of Russia in the field of environmental protection are shown. The authors pay attention, first of all, to the most rational use of natural resources, as well as to the problems associated with the state of the ecological situation in industrial cities, where environmental risks are highest due to the imperfection of the applied technological methods, equipment wear and low efficiency of treatment facilities. Based on the materials presented in this article, a number of recommendations are given to improve the system of environmental and social measures aimed at improving the health of the population.
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